Mini Review: Anticholinergic Activity as a Behavioral Pathology of Lewy Body Disease and Proposal of the Concept of “Anticholinergic Spectrum Disorders”
Given the relationship between anticholinergic activity (AA) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we rereview our hypothesis of the endogenous appearance of AA in AD. Briefly, because acetylcholine (ACh) regulates not only cognitive function but also the inflammatory system, when ACh downregulation reaches...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2016-01-01
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| Series: | Parkinson's Disease |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5380202 |
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| author | Koji Hori Kimiko Konishi Misa Hosoi Hiroi Tomioka Masayuki Tani Yuka Kitajima Mitsugu Hachisu |
| author_facet | Koji Hori Kimiko Konishi Misa Hosoi Hiroi Tomioka Masayuki Tani Yuka Kitajima Mitsugu Hachisu |
| author_sort | Koji Hori |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Given the relationship between anticholinergic activity (AA) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we rereview our hypothesis of the endogenous appearance of AA in AD. Briefly, because acetylcholine (ACh) regulates not only cognitive function but also the inflammatory system, when ACh downregulation reaches a critical level, inflammation increases, triggering the appearance of cytokines with AA. Moreover, based on a case report of a patient with mild AD and slightly deteriorated ACh, we also speculate that AA can appear endogenously in Lewy body disease due to the dual action of the downregulation of ACh and hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Based on these hypotheses, we consider AA to be a behavioral pathology of Lewy body disease. We also propose the concept of “anticholinergic spectrum disorders,” which encompass a variety of conditions, including AD, Lewy body disease, and delirium. Finally, we suggest the prescription of cholinesterase inhibitors to patients in this spectrum of disorders to abolish AA by upregulating ACh. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-497ae35370a048cda2a446544b5b307e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-8083 2042-0080 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Parkinson's Disease |
| spelling | doaj-art-497ae35370a048cda2a446544b5b307e2025-02-03T05:50:48ZengWileyParkinson's Disease2090-80832042-00802016-01-01201610.1155/2016/53802025380202Mini Review: Anticholinergic Activity as a Behavioral Pathology of Lewy Body Disease and Proposal of the Concept of “Anticholinergic Spectrum Disorders”Koji Hori0Kimiko Konishi1Misa Hosoi2Hiroi Tomioka3Masayuki Tani4Yuka Kitajima5Mitsugu Hachisu6Department of Neuropsychiatry, St. Marianna University, School of Medicine, Kanagawa, JapanTokyo Metropolitan Tobu Medical Center for Persons with Developmental/Multiple Disabilities, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Psychiatry, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Kanagawa, JapanDepartment of Psychiatry, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Kanagawa, JapanDepartment of Psychiatry, Showa University East Hospital, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Pharmaceutical Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Tokyo, JapanGiven the relationship between anticholinergic activity (AA) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we rereview our hypothesis of the endogenous appearance of AA in AD. Briefly, because acetylcholine (ACh) regulates not only cognitive function but also the inflammatory system, when ACh downregulation reaches a critical level, inflammation increases, triggering the appearance of cytokines with AA. Moreover, based on a case report of a patient with mild AD and slightly deteriorated ACh, we also speculate that AA can appear endogenously in Lewy body disease due to the dual action of the downregulation of ACh and hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Based on these hypotheses, we consider AA to be a behavioral pathology of Lewy body disease. We also propose the concept of “anticholinergic spectrum disorders,” which encompass a variety of conditions, including AD, Lewy body disease, and delirium. Finally, we suggest the prescription of cholinesterase inhibitors to patients in this spectrum of disorders to abolish AA by upregulating ACh.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5380202 |
| spellingShingle | Koji Hori Kimiko Konishi Misa Hosoi Hiroi Tomioka Masayuki Tani Yuka Kitajima Mitsugu Hachisu Mini Review: Anticholinergic Activity as a Behavioral Pathology of Lewy Body Disease and Proposal of the Concept of “Anticholinergic Spectrum Disorders” Parkinson's Disease |
| title | Mini Review: Anticholinergic Activity as a Behavioral Pathology of Lewy Body Disease and Proposal of the Concept of “Anticholinergic Spectrum Disorders” |
| title_full | Mini Review: Anticholinergic Activity as a Behavioral Pathology of Lewy Body Disease and Proposal of the Concept of “Anticholinergic Spectrum Disorders” |
| title_fullStr | Mini Review: Anticholinergic Activity as a Behavioral Pathology of Lewy Body Disease and Proposal of the Concept of “Anticholinergic Spectrum Disorders” |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mini Review: Anticholinergic Activity as a Behavioral Pathology of Lewy Body Disease and Proposal of the Concept of “Anticholinergic Spectrum Disorders” |
| title_short | Mini Review: Anticholinergic Activity as a Behavioral Pathology of Lewy Body Disease and Proposal of the Concept of “Anticholinergic Spectrum Disorders” |
| title_sort | mini review anticholinergic activity as a behavioral pathology of lewy body disease and proposal of the concept of anticholinergic spectrum disorders |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5380202 |
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