Unveiling the Microbial Symphony of Amasi: A Targeted Metagenomic 16S rRNA, ITS, and Metabolites Insights Using Bovine and Caprine Milk
Amasi, a traditional fermented milk produced in Southern Africa, is associated with several health benefits, such as probiotic activities, immune system modulation, and pharmacological (antimicrobial, antitumor and antioxidant) potential. This study investigated the microbial diversity in Amasi (pro...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Betty Olusola Ajibade Titilayo Adenike Ajayeoba Saheed Sabiu Konstantin V. Moiseenko Sizwe Vincent Mbona Errol D. Cason Tatyana V. Fedorova Oluwatosin Ademola Ijabadeniyi |
| author_facet | Betty Olusola Ajibade Titilayo Adenike Ajayeoba Saheed Sabiu Konstantin V. Moiseenko Sizwe Vincent Mbona Errol D. Cason Tatyana V. Fedorova Oluwatosin Ademola Ijabadeniyi |
| author_sort | Betty Olusola Ajibade |
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| description | Amasi, a traditional fermented milk produced in Southern Africa, is associated with several health benefits, such as probiotic activities, immune system modulation, and pharmacological (antimicrobial, antitumor and antioxidant) potential. This study investigated the microbial diversity in Amasi (produced from cow’s and goat’s milk) through targeted metagenomic bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal ITS sequencing, the metabolic functional prediction of Amasi samples using the Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) and profiled amino acids constituents using Liquid Chromatographic-Mass Spectrophotometry (LC-MS). The results obtained revealed Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria as the most prevalent bacterial phyla, with <i>Lactococcus</i> and <i>Lactobacillus</i> being the most abundant genera. On the other hand, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mucoromycota were the main fungal phyla, while <i>Aspergillus</i>, <i>Kazachstania</i>, and <i>Debaryomyces</i> spp. dominated the fungal genera. Also, <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp., <i>Bacillus</i> spp., <i>Clostridium</i> spp., <i>Cronobacter</i> spp., <i>Alternaria</i> spp., <i>Diaporthe</i> spp., and <i>Penicillium</i> spp. were the probable pathogenic bacteria and fungi genera found, respectively. <i>Atopobium</i>, <i>Synechococcus</i>, and <i>Parabacteroides</i> were found less often as rare genera. It was found that the amino acid and drug metabolism pathway prediction values in Amasi samples were significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than in raw cow and goat milk, according to the inferred analysis (PICRUSt). The amino acid validation revealed glutamine and asparagine values as the most significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) for Amasi cow milk (ACM) and Amasi goat milk (AGM), respectively. Comparatively, ACM showed more microbial diversity than AGM, though there were relative similarities in their microbiome composition. PICRUSt analysis revealed significant metabolites in the two Amasi samples. Overall, data from this study showed heterogeneity in microbial diversity, abundance distributions, metabolites, and amino acid balance between raw cow/goat milk and Amasi samples. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-494af3a5cc9f4b36a1f8c7fe06044aab |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| spelling | doaj-art-494af3a5cc9f4b36a1f8c7fe06044aab2025-01-24T13:32:01ZengMDPI AGFermentation2311-56372024-12-01111610.3390/fermentation11010006Unveiling the Microbial Symphony of Amasi: A Targeted Metagenomic 16S rRNA, ITS, and Metabolites Insights Using Bovine and Caprine MilkBetty Olusola Ajibade0Titilayo Adenike Ajayeoba1Saheed Sabiu2Konstantin V. Moiseenko3Sizwe Vincent Mbona4Errol D. Cason5Tatyana V. Fedorova6Oluwatosin Ademola Ijabadeniyi7Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South AfricaBiotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South AfricaBiotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South AfricaBiotechnology Department, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy Timiryazevskaya Street 49, Moscow 127550, RussiaBiotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South AfricaDepartment of Animal Science, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South AfricaA. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky, Ave. 33/2, Moscow 119071, RussiaBiotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South AfricaAmasi, a traditional fermented milk produced in Southern Africa, is associated with several health benefits, such as probiotic activities, immune system modulation, and pharmacological (antimicrobial, antitumor and antioxidant) potential. This study investigated the microbial diversity in Amasi (produced from cow’s and goat’s milk) through targeted metagenomic bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal ITS sequencing, the metabolic functional prediction of Amasi samples using the Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) and profiled amino acids constituents using Liquid Chromatographic-Mass Spectrophotometry (LC-MS). The results obtained revealed Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria as the most prevalent bacterial phyla, with <i>Lactococcus</i> and <i>Lactobacillus</i> being the most abundant genera. On the other hand, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mucoromycota were the main fungal phyla, while <i>Aspergillus</i>, <i>Kazachstania</i>, and <i>Debaryomyces</i> spp. dominated the fungal genera. Also, <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp., <i>Bacillus</i> spp., <i>Clostridium</i> spp., <i>Cronobacter</i> spp., <i>Alternaria</i> spp., <i>Diaporthe</i> spp., and <i>Penicillium</i> spp. were the probable pathogenic bacteria and fungi genera found, respectively. <i>Atopobium</i>, <i>Synechococcus</i>, and <i>Parabacteroides</i> were found less often as rare genera. It was found that the amino acid and drug metabolism pathway prediction values in Amasi samples were significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than in raw cow and goat milk, according to the inferred analysis (PICRUSt). The amino acid validation revealed glutamine and asparagine values as the most significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) for Amasi cow milk (ACM) and Amasi goat milk (AGM), respectively. Comparatively, ACM showed more microbial diversity than AGM, though there were relative similarities in their microbiome composition. PICRUSt analysis revealed significant metabolites in the two Amasi samples. Overall, data from this study showed heterogeneity in microbial diversity, abundance distributions, metabolites, and amino acid balance between raw cow/goat milk and Amasi samples.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/11/1/6AmasiLC-MSmicrobial diversityprobiotics16S rRNAITS metagenomics |
| spellingShingle | Betty Olusola Ajibade Titilayo Adenike Ajayeoba Saheed Sabiu Konstantin V. Moiseenko Sizwe Vincent Mbona Errol D. Cason Tatyana V. Fedorova Oluwatosin Ademola Ijabadeniyi Unveiling the Microbial Symphony of Amasi: A Targeted Metagenomic 16S rRNA, ITS, and Metabolites Insights Using Bovine and Caprine Milk Fermentation Amasi LC-MS microbial diversity probiotics 16S rRNA ITS metagenomics |
| title | Unveiling the Microbial Symphony of Amasi: A Targeted Metagenomic 16S rRNA, ITS, and Metabolites Insights Using Bovine and Caprine Milk |
| title_full | Unveiling the Microbial Symphony of Amasi: A Targeted Metagenomic 16S rRNA, ITS, and Metabolites Insights Using Bovine and Caprine Milk |
| title_fullStr | Unveiling the Microbial Symphony of Amasi: A Targeted Metagenomic 16S rRNA, ITS, and Metabolites Insights Using Bovine and Caprine Milk |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unveiling the Microbial Symphony of Amasi: A Targeted Metagenomic 16S rRNA, ITS, and Metabolites Insights Using Bovine and Caprine Milk |
| title_short | Unveiling the Microbial Symphony of Amasi: A Targeted Metagenomic 16S rRNA, ITS, and Metabolites Insights Using Bovine and Caprine Milk |
| title_sort | unveiling the microbial symphony of amasi a targeted metagenomic 16s rrna its and metabolites insights using bovine and caprine milk |
| topic | Amasi LC-MS microbial diversity probiotics 16S rRNA ITS metagenomics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/11/1/6 |
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