Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing Trends Among Children in Kadoma City, Zimbabwe, 2015-2017
Introduction: Zambia is a cholera-endemic country and the epidemic in the capital, Lusaka, 2017-2018, caused more than 5,900 cases and 110 deaths. Low-income resident districts in Lusaka are known as hotspots for cholera outbreaks. Among these districts, Kanyama sub-district has been the origin o...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
African Field Epidemiology Network
2024-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.afenet-journal.net/content/article/7/29/full/ |
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| Summary: | Introduction: Zambia is a cholera-endemic country and the epidemic in the capital,
Lusaka, 2017-2018, caused more than 5,900 cases and 110 deaths. Low-income
resident districts in Lusaka are known as hotspots for cholera outbreaks. Among these
districts, Kanyama sub-district has been the origin of the outbreaks in Lusaka, 2005-
2006, 2016, and 2017-2018. However, spatial factors are associated with the increased
number of cholera cases in the Kanyama sub-district; the origin place is still not fully
understood. We determined the environmental factors associated with the increased
cholera cases in the Kanyama sub-district by using geocoordinate data collected during
the outbreak in 2017-2018. Methods: We conducted a retrospective data analysis on
geocoordinate data of houses of cholera cases identified in Kanyama sub-district during
the outbreak in 2017-2018. Associations between the number of cases in each of the
218 generated zones within Kanyama sub-district and the distribution of
environmental factors (e.g., water sources, toilets) were analyzed. Results: A total of
405 cholera cases were identified in 136 zones (62%, 136/218). Zones with cases had
significantly larger numbers (median, interquartile range; IQR) of toilets outside
houses (56.5, 0-256; vs 35.5, 0-151; p<0.001) and pit latrines (51, 0-194; vs 28; 0-
117; p<0.001), while significantly smaller number of water tanks than zones without
cases (0, 0-21; vs 0.5, 0-19; p=0.021). The number of cases showed a positive
correlation with the number of toilets outside houses (rho=0.307, p<0.001) and pit
latrines (rho=0.354, p=0.001). Conclusion: Lack of access to sanitary toilet facilities
was associated with the increased number of cholera cases in Kanyama sub-district;
the origin place of the recent cholera outbreaks in Lusaka, Zambia. Our study
highlighted the importance of targeted public health interventions to the sanitation
systems in those areas.
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| ISSN: | 2664-2824 |