Vitamin D Status and Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections in the Borriana COVID-19 Cohort: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study
A deficient vitamin D (VitD) status has been associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections, severity, and mortality. However, this status related to SARS-CoV-2 reinfections has been studied little. Our aim was to quantify the risk of reinfections considering VitD status before reinfection. Methods: We perfo...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-04-01
|
| Series: | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/10/4/98 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850180881896964096 |
|---|---|
| author | Salvador Domènech-Montoliu Laura López-Diago Isabel Aleixandre-Gorriz Óscar Pérez-Olaso Diego Sala-Trull Alba Del Rio-González Maria Rosario Pac-Sa Manuel Sánchez-Urbano Paloma Satorres-Martinez Juan Casanova-Suarez Cristina Notari-Rodriguez Raquel Ruiz-Puig Gema Badenes-Marques Laura Aparisi-Esteve Carmen Domènech-León Maria Angeles Romeu-Garcia Alberto Arnedo-Pena |
| author_facet | Salvador Domènech-Montoliu Laura López-Diago Isabel Aleixandre-Gorriz Óscar Pérez-Olaso Diego Sala-Trull Alba Del Rio-González Maria Rosario Pac-Sa Manuel Sánchez-Urbano Paloma Satorres-Martinez Juan Casanova-Suarez Cristina Notari-Rodriguez Raquel Ruiz-Puig Gema Badenes-Marques Laura Aparisi-Esteve Carmen Domènech-León Maria Angeles Romeu-Garcia Alberto Arnedo-Pena |
| author_sort | Salvador Domènech-Montoliu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A deficient vitamin D (VitD) status has been associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections, severity, and mortality. However, this status related to SARS-CoV-2 reinfections has been studied little. Our aim was to quantify the risk of reinfections considering VitD status before reinfection. Methods: We performed a population-based prospective cohort study in Borriana (Valencia Community, Spain) during 2020–2023, measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels by electrochemiluminescence. Cox proportional hazards models were employed. Results: Of a total of 644 SARS-CoV-2 cases with confirmed laboratory tests, 378 (58.9%) were included in our study, with an average age of 38.8 years; 241 were females (63.8%), and 127 reinfections occurred (33.6%). SARS-CoV-2 reinfection incidence rates per 1000 person-days by VitD status were 0.50 for a deficient status (<20 ng/mL), 0.50 for an insufficient status (20–29 ng/mL), and 0.37 for a sufficient status (≥30 ng/mL). Compared with a sufficient VitD status, adjusted hazard ratios were 1.79 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89–3.59) for a deficient status and 1.59 (95% CI 1.06–2.38) for an insufficient status with a significant inverse dose–response (<i>p</i> = 0.02). These results can help improve nutritional actions against SARS-CoV-2 reinfections. Conclusions: These results suggest that a VitD status lower than 30 ng/mL showed a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. Achieving and maintaining a sufficient VitD status is recommended to prevent reinfections. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-48899309882f4b4fb42e19581e96d5bb |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2414-6366 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |
| spelling | doaj-art-48899309882f4b4fb42e19581e96d5bb2025-08-20T02:18:01ZengMDPI AGTropical Medicine and Infectious Disease2414-63662025-04-011049810.3390/tropicalmed10040098Vitamin D Status and Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections in the Borriana COVID-19 Cohort: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort StudySalvador Domènech-Montoliu0Laura López-Diago1Isabel Aleixandre-Gorriz2Óscar Pérez-Olaso3Diego Sala-Trull4Alba Del Rio-González5Maria Rosario Pac-Sa6Manuel Sánchez-Urbano7Paloma Satorres-Martinez8Juan Casanova-Suarez9Cristina Notari-Rodriguez10Raquel Ruiz-Puig11Gema Badenes-Marques12Laura Aparisi-Esteve13Carmen Domènech-León14Maria Angeles Romeu-Garcia15Alberto Arnedo-Pena16Medical Direction University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-Real, SpainClinical Analysis Service University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-Real, SpainClinical Analysis Service University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-Real, SpainMicrobiology Service University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-Real, SpainEmergency Service University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-Real, SpainHealth Centers I and II, 12530 Borriana, SpainPublic Health Center, 12003 Castelló de la Plana, SpainEmergency Service University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-Real, SpainEmergency Service University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-Real, SpainNursing Service University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-Real, SpainEmergency Service University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-Real, SpainEmergency Service University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-Real, SpainEmergency Service University Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-Real, SpainCarinyena Health Center, 12540 Vila-Real, SpainDepartment Medicine, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, SpainPublic Health Center, 12003 Castelló de la Plana, SpainPublic Health Center, 12003 Castelló de la Plana, SpainA deficient vitamin D (VitD) status has been associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections, severity, and mortality. However, this status related to SARS-CoV-2 reinfections has been studied little. Our aim was to quantify the risk of reinfections considering VitD status before reinfection. Methods: We performed a population-based prospective cohort study in Borriana (Valencia Community, Spain) during 2020–2023, measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels by electrochemiluminescence. Cox proportional hazards models were employed. Results: Of a total of 644 SARS-CoV-2 cases with confirmed laboratory tests, 378 (58.9%) were included in our study, with an average age of 38.8 years; 241 were females (63.8%), and 127 reinfections occurred (33.6%). SARS-CoV-2 reinfection incidence rates per 1000 person-days by VitD status were 0.50 for a deficient status (<20 ng/mL), 0.50 for an insufficient status (20–29 ng/mL), and 0.37 for a sufficient status (≥30 ng/mL). Compared with a sufficient VitD status, adjusted hazard ratios were 1.79 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89–3.59) for a deficient status and 1.59 (95% CI 1.06–2.38) for an insufficient status with a significant inverse dose–response (<i>p</i> = 0.02). These results can help improve nutritional actions against SARS-CoV-2 reinfections. Conclusions: These results suggest that a VitD status lower than 30 ng/mL showed a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. Achieving and maintaining a sufficient VitD status is recommended to prevent reinfections.https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/10/4/98COVID-19SARS-CoV-2 infectionvitamin Dreinfectioncohortprospective |
| spellingShingle | Salvador Domènech-Montoliu Laura López-Diago Isabel Aleixandre-Gorriz Óscar Pérez-Olaso Diego Sala-Trull Alba Del Rio-González Maria Rosario Pac-Sa Manuel Sánchez-Urbano Paloma Satorres-Martinez Juan Casanova-Suarez Cristina Notari-Rodriguez Raquel Ruiz-Puig Gema Badenes-Marques Laura Aparisi-Esteve Carmen Domènech-León Maria Angeles Romeu-Garcia Alberto Arnedo-Pena Vitamin D Status and Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections in the Borriana COVID-19 Cohort: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 infection vitamin D reinfection cohort prospective |
| title | Vitamin D Status and Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections in the Borriana COVID-19 Cohort: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study |
| title_full | Vitamin D Status and Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections in the Borriana COVID-19 Cohort: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study |
| title_fullStr | Vitamin D Status and Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections in the Borriana COVID-19 Cohort: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vitamin D Status and Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections in the Borriana COVID-19 Cohort: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study |
| title_short | Vitamin D Status and Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections in the Borriana COVID-19 Cohort: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study |
| title_sort | vitamin d status and incidence of sars cov 2 reinfections in the borriana covid 19 cohort a population based prospective cohort study |
| topic | COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 infection vitamin D reinfection cohort prospective |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/10/4/98 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT salvadordomenechmontoliu vitamindstatusandincidenceofsarscov2reinfectionsintheborrianacovid19cohortapopulationbasedprospectivecohortstudy AT lauralopezdiago vitamindstatusandincidenceofsarscov2reinfectionsintheborrianacovid19cohortapopulationbasedprospectivecohortstudy AT isabelaleixandregorriz vitamindstatusandincidenceofsarscov2reinfectionsintheborrianacovid19cohortapopulationbasedprospectivecohortstudy AT oscarperezolaso vitamindstatusandincidenceofsarscov2reinfectionsintheborrianacovid19cohortapopulationbasedprospectivecohortstudy AT diegosalatrull vitamindstatusandincidenceofsarscov2reinfectionsintheborrianacovid19cohortapopulationbasedprospectivecohortstudy AT albadelriogonzalez vitamindstatusandincidenceofsarscov2reinfectionsintheborrianacovid19cohortapopulationbasedprospectivecohortstudy AT mariarosariopacsa vitamindstatusandincidenceofsarscov2reinfectionsintheborrianacovid19cohortapopulationbasedprospectivecohortstudy AT manuelsanchezurbano vitamindstatusandincidenceofsarscov2reinfectionsintheborrianacovid19cohortapopulationbasedprospectivecohortstudy AT palomasatorresmartinez vitamindstatusandincidenceofsarscov2reinfectionsintheborrianacovid19cohortapopulationbasedprospectivecohortstudy AT juancasanovasuarez vitamindstatusandincidenceofsarscov2reinfectionsintheborrianacovid19cohortapopulationbasedprospectivecohortstudy AT cristinanotarirodriguez vitamindstatusandincidenceofsarscov2reinfectionsintheborrianacovid19cohortapopulationbasedprospectivecohortstudy AT raquelruizpuig vitamindstatusandincidenceofsarscov2reinfectionsintheborrianacovid19cohortapopulationbasedprospectivecohortstudy AT gemabadenesmarques vitamindstatusandincidenceofsarscov2reinfectionsintheborrianacovid19cohortapopulationbasedprospectivecohortstudy AT lauraaparisiesteve vitamindstatusandincidenceofsarscov2reinfectionsintheborrianacovid19cohortapopulationbasedprospectivecohortstudy AT carmendomenechleon vitamindstatusandincidenceofsarscov2reinfectionsintheborrianacovid19cohortapopulationbasedprospectivecohortstudy AT mariaangelesromeugarcia vitamindstatusandincidenceofsarscov2reinfectionsintheborrianacovid19cohortapopulationbasedprospectivecohortstudy AT albertoarnedopena vitamindstatusandincidenceofsarscov2reinfectionsintheborrianacovid19cohortapopulationbasedprospectivecohortstudy |