Immunomodulation by Gut Microbiota: Role of Toll-Like Receptor Expressed by T Cells
A close relationship exists between gut microbiota and immune responses. An imbalance of this relationship can determine local and systemic immune diseases. In fact the immune system plays an essential role in maintaining the homeostasis with the microbiota that normally resides in the gut, while, a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2014-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Immunology Research |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/586939 |
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| _version_ | 1832566889318973440 |
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| author | Mariagrazia Valentini Alessia Piermattei Gabriele Di Sante Giuseppe Migliara Giovanni Delogu Francesco Ria |
| author_facet | Mariagrazia Valentini Alessia Piermattei Gabriele Di Sante Giuseppe Migliara Giovanni Delogu Francesco Ria |
| author_sort | Mariagrazia Valentini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A close relationship exists between gut microbiota and immune responses. An imbalance of this relationship can determine local and systemic immune diseases. In fact the immune system plays an essential role in maintaining the homeostasis with the microbiota that normally resides in the gut, while, at the same time, the gut microbiota influences the immune system, modulating number and function of effector and regulatory T cells. To achieve this aim, mutual regulation between immune system and microbiota is achieved through several mechanisms, including the engagement of toll-like receptors (TLRs), pathogen-specific receptors expressed on numerous cell types. TLRs are able to recognize ligands from commensal or pathogen microbiota to maintain the tolerance or trigger the immune response. In this review, we summarize the latest evidences about the role of TLRs expressed in adaptive T cells, to understand how the immune system promotes intestinal homeostasis, fights invasion by pathogens, and is modulated by the intestinal microbiota. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-486eb66dc0444e8994b6572bc81b9b00 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2314-8861 2314-7156 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2014-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Immunology Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-486eb66dc0444e8994b6572bc81b9b002025-02-03T01:02:54ZengWileyJournal of Immunology Research2314-88612314-71562014-01-01201410.1155/2014/586939586939Immunomodulation by Gut Microbiota: Role of Toll-Like Receptor Expressed by T CellsMariagrazia Valentini0Alessia Piermattei1Gabriele Di Sante2Giuseppe Migliara3Giovanni Delogu4Francesco Ria5Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, ItalyInstitute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, ItalyInstitute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, ItalyInstitute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, ItalyInstitute of Microbiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, ItalyInstitute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, ItalyA close relationship exists between gut microbiota and immune responses. An imbalance of this relationship can determine local and systemic immune diseases. In fact the immune system plays an essential role in maintaining the homeostasis with the microbiota that normally resides in the gut, while, at the same time, the gut microbiota influences the immune system, modulating number and function of effector and regulatory T cells. To achieve this aim, mutual regulation between immune system and microbiota is achieved through several mechanisms, including the engagement of toll-like receptors (TLRs), pathogen-specific receptors expressed on numerous cell types. TLRs are able to recognize ligands from commensal or pathogen microbiota to maintain the tolerance or trigger the immune response. In this review, we summarize the latest evidences about the role of TLRs expressed in adaptive T cells, to understand how the immune system promotes intestinal homeostasis, fights invasion by pathogens, and is modulated by the intestinal microbiota.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/586939 |
| spellingShingle | Mariagrazia Valentini Alessia Piermattei Gabriele Di Sante Giuseppe Migliara Giovanni Delogu Francesco Ria Immunomodulation by Gut Microbiota: Role of Toll-Like Receptor Expressed by T Cells Journal of Immunology Research |
| title | Immunomodulation by Gut Microbiota: Role of Toll-Like Receptor Expressed by T Cells |
| title_full | Immunomodulation by Gut Microbiota: Role of Toll-Like Receptor Expressed by T Cells |
| title_fullStr | Immunomodulation by Gut Microbiota: Role of Toll-Like Receptor Expressed by T Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunomodulation by Gut Microbiota: Role of Toll-Like Receptor Expressed by T Cells |
| title_short | Immunomodulation by Gut Microbiota: Role of Toll-Like Receptor Expressed by T Cells |
| title_sort | immunomodulation by gut microbiota role of toll like receptor expressed by t cells |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/586939 |
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