Screening of substance use in pregnancy: A Danish cross‐sectional study
Abstract Introduction There is a paucity of objectively verified data on substance use among Danish pregnant women. We estimated the prevalence of substance use including alcohol and nicotine among the general population of Danish pregnant women. Material and Methods In this anonymous, national, cro...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2024-07-01
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| Series: | Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.14862 |
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| author | Nete Lundager Klokker Rausgaard Inge Olga Ibsen Palle Bach Nielsen Fruekilde Ellen Aagaard Nohr Per Damkier Pernille Ravn |
| author_facet | Nete Lundager Klokker Rausgaard Inge Olga Ibsen Palle Bach Nielsen Fruekilde Ellen Aagaard Nohr Per Damkier Pernille Ravn |
| author_sort | Nete Lundager Klokker Rausgaard |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Introduction There is a paucity of objectively verified data on substance use among Danish pregnant women. We estimated the prevalence of substance use including alcohol and nicotine among the general population of Danish pregnant women. Material and Methods In this anonymous, national, cross‐sectional, descriptive study, pregnant women were invited when attending an ultrasound scan between November 2019 and December 2020 at nine Danish hospitals. Women submitted a urine sample and filled out a questionnaire. Urine samples were screened on‐site with a qualitative urine dipstick for 15 substances including alcohol, nicotine, opioids, amphetamines, cannabis, and benzodiazepines. All screen‐positive urine samples underwent secondary quantitative analyses with gold standard, liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis. Results were compared to questionnaire information to analyze the validity of self‐reporting and to examine possible cross‐reactions. Results A total of 1903 of 2154 invited pregnant women participated (88.3%). The prevalence of dipstick‐positive urine samples was 25.0%. 44.0% of these were confirmed positive, resulting in a total confirmed prevalence of 10.8%. The prevalence of nicotine use was 10.1%—and for all other substances, <0.5%. Nicotine use was more prevalent among younger pregnant women, while other substance use appeared evenly distributed over age groups. Self‐reporting of use of nicotine products was high (71.1%), but low for cannabis and alcohol intake (0% and 33.3%, respectively). Prescription medication explained almost all cases of oxycodone, methylphenidate, and benzodiazepine use. Conclusions Substance use among pregnant women consisted mainly of nicotine. Dipstick screening involved risks of false negatives and false positives. Except for alcohol intake and cannabis use, dipstick analyses did not seem to provide further information than self‐reporting. LC–MS/MS analyses remain gold standard, and future role of dipstick screenings should be discussed. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4865d3dab8ca4d9a99b87cf3dc8c65fc |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 0001-6349 1600-0412 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-07-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica |
| spelling | doaj-art-4865d3dab8ca4d9a99b87cf3dc8c65fc2025-08-20T03:22:14ZengWileyActa Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica0001-63491600-04122024-07-0110371408141910.1111/aogs.14862Screening of substance use in pregnancy: A Danish cross‐sectional studyNete Lundager Klokker Rausgaard0Inge Olga Ibsen1Palle Bach Nielsen Fruekilde2Ellen Aagaard Nohr3Per Damkier4Pernille Ravn5Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark Odense DenmarkDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics Odense University Hospital Odense DenmarkDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry Odense University Hospital Odense DenmarkDepartment of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark Odense DenmarkDepartment of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark Odense DenmarkDepartment of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark Odense DenmarkAbstract Introduction There is a paucity of objectively verified data on substance use among Danish pregnant women. We estimated the prevalence of substance use including alcohol and nicotine among the general population of Danish pregnant women. Material and Methods In this anonymous, national, cross‐sectional, descriptive study, pregnant women were invited when attending an ultrasound scan between November 2019 and December 2020 at nine Danish hospitals. Women submitted a urine sample and filled out a questionnaire. Urine samples were screened on‐site with a qualitative urine dipstick for 15 substances including alcohol, nicotine, opioids, amphetamines, cannabis, and benzodiazepines. All screen‐positive urine samples underwent secondary quantitative analyses with gold standard, liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis. Results were compared to questionnaire information to analyze the validity of self‐reporting and to examine possible cross‐reactions. Results A total of 1903 of 2154 invited pregnant women participated (88.3%). The prevalence of dipstick‐positive urine samples was 25.0%. 44.0% of these were confirmed positive, resulting in a total confirmed prevalence of 10.8%. The prevalence of nicotine use was 10.1%—and for all other substances, <0.5%. Nicotine use was more prevalent among younger pregnant women, while other substance use appeared evenly distributed over age groups. Self‐reporting of use of nicotine products was high (71.1%), but low for cannabis and alcohol intake (0% and 33.3%, respectively). Prescription medication explained almost all cases of oxycodone, methylphenidate, and benzodiazepine use. Conclusions Substance use among pregnant women consisted mainly of nicotine. Dipstick screening involved risks of false negatives and false positives. Except for alcohol intake and cannabis use, dipstick analyses did not seem to provide further information than self‐reporting. LC–MS/MS analyses remain gold standard, and future role of dipstick screenings should be discussed.https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.14862alcoholcannabishigh risk pregnancymaternal–fetal medicinematernity careneonatology |
| spellingShingle | Nete Lundager Klokker Rausgaard Inge Olga Ibsen Palle Bach Nielsen Fruekilde Ellen Aagaard Nohr Per Damkier Pernille Ravn Screening of substance use in pregnancy: A Danish cross‐sectional study Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica alcohol cannabis high risk pregnancy maternal–fetal medicine maternity care neonatology |
| title | Screening of substance use in pregnancy: A Danish cross‐sectional study |
| title_full | Screening of substance use in pregnancy: A Danish cross‐sectional study |
| title_fullStr | Screening of substance use in pregnancy: A Danish cross‐sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Screening of substance use in pregnancy: A Danish cross‐sectional study |
| title_short | Screening of substance use in pregnancy: A Danish cross‐sectional study |
| title_sort | screening of substance use in pregnancy a danish cross sectional study |
| topic | alcohol cannabis high risk pregnancy maternal–fetal medicine maternity care neonatology |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.14862 |
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