Toward Customizable Smart Gels: A Comprehensive Review of Innovative Printing Techniques and Applications
New production technologies have transformed modern engineering fields, including electronics, mechanics, robotics, and biomedicine. These advancements have led to the creation of smart materials such as alloys, polymers, and gels that respond to various stimuli. This review focuses on smart materia...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Gels |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/1/32 |
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| _version_ | 1832588408504975360 |
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| author | Rizwan Ul Hassan Naseem Abbas Jongkuk Ko |
| author_facet | Rizwan Ul Hassan Naseem Abbas Jongkuk Ko |
| author_sort | Rizwan Ul Hassan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | New production technologies have transformed modern engineering fields, including electronics, mechanics, robotics, and biomedicine. These advancements have led to the creation of smart materials such as alloys, polymers, and gels that respond to various stimuli. This review focuses on smart materials (SMs), including their variety and fabrication techniques, that can be used to construct three- or four-dimensional structures. The mechanisms and designs of smart materials, limitations of current printing technologies, and perspectives for their future uses are also discussed in this review. The printed smart materials are expected to have a major impact on the design of real-world applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-47f56dd41a06456e8c59d59ffe5caf46 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2310-2861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Gels |
| spelling | doaj-art-47f56dd41a06456e8c59d59ffe5caf462025-01-24T13:33:51ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612025-01-011113210.3390/gels11010032Toward Customizable Smart Gels: A Comprehensive Review of Innovative Printing Techniques and ApplicationsRizwan Ul Hassan0Naseem Abbas1Jongkuk Ko2School of Chemical, Biological, and Battery Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of KoreaSchool of Chemical, Biological, and Battery Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of KoreaNew production technologies have transformed modern engineering fields, including electronics, mechanics, robotics, and biomedicine. These advancements have led to the creation of smart materials such as alloys, polymers, and gels that respond to various stimuli. This review focuses on smart materials (SMs), including their variety and fabrication techniques, that can be used to construct three- or four-dimensional structures. The mechanisms and designs of smart materials, limitations of current printing technologies, and perspectives for their future uses are also discussed in this review. The printed smart materials are expected to have a major impact on the design of real-world applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/1/32intelligent structuresfabrication techniquessmart materials |
| spellingShingle | Rizwan Ul Hassan Naseem Abbas Jongkuk Ko Toward Customizable Smart Gels: A Comprehensive Review of Innovative Printing Techniques and Applications Gels intelligent structures fabrication techniques smart materials |
| title | Toward Customizable Smart Gels: A Comprehensive Review of Innovative Printing Techniques and Applications |
| title_full | Toward Customizable Smart Gels: A Comprehensive Review of Innovative Printing Techniques and Applications |
| title_fullStr | Toward Customizable Smart Gels: A Comprehensive Review of Innovative Printing Techniques and Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toward Customizable Smart Gels: A Comprehensive Review of Innovative Printing Techniques and Applications |
| title_short | Toward Customizable Smart Gels: A Comprehensive Review of Innovative Printing Techniques and Applications |
| title_sort | toward customizable smart gels a comprehensive review of innovative printing techniques and applications |
| topic | intelligent structures fabrication techniques smart materials |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/1/32 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rizwanulhassan towardcustomizablesmartgelsacomprehensivereviewofinnovativeprintingtechniquesandapplications AT naseemabbas towardcustomizablesmartgelsacomprehensivereviewofinnovativeprintingtechniquesandapplications AT jongkukko towardcustomizablesmartgelsacomprehensivereviewofinnovativeprintingtechniquesandapplications |