The Biphasic Effect of Vitamin D on the Musculoskeletal and Cardiovascular System
This narrative review summarizes beneficial and harmful vitamin D effects on the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular system. Special attention is paid to the dose-response relationship of vitamin D with clinical outcomes. In infants and adults, the risk of musculoskeletal diseases is highest at circu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2017-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Endocrinology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3206240 |
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| _version_ | 1832567031462887424 |
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| author | Armin Zittermann |
| author_facet | Armin Zittermann |
| author_sort | Armin Zittermann |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This narrative review summarizes beneficial and harmful vitamin D effects on the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular system. Special attention is paid to the dose-response relationship of vitamin D with clinical outcomes. In infants and adults, the risk of musculoskeletal diseases is highest at circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations below 25 nmol/L and is low if 40–60 nmol/L are achieved. However, evidence is also accumulating that in elderly people the risk of falls and fractures increases again at circulating 25OHD levels > 100 nmol/L. Cohort studies report a progressive increase in cardiovascular disease (CVD) events at 25OHD levels < 50 nmol/L. Nevertheless, meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials suggest only small beneficial effects of vitamin D supplements on surrogate parameters of CVD risk and no reduction in CVD events. Evidence is accumulating for adverse vitamin D effects on CVD outcomes at 25OHD levels > 100 nmol/L, but the threshold may be influenced by the level of physical activity. In conclusion, dose-response relationships indicate deleterious effects on the musculoskeletal system and probably on the cardiovascular system at circulating 25OHD levels < 40–60 nmol/L and >100 nmol/L. Future studies should focus on populations with 25OHD levels < 40 nmol/L and should avoid vitamin D doses achieving 25OHD levels > 100 nmol/L. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-47bd85f54a0c49cb90aa39369ea7962c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-8337 1687-8345 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2017-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj-art-47bd85f54a0c49cb90aa39369ea7962c2025-02-03T01:02:32ZengWileyInternational Journal of Endocrinology1687-83371687-83452017-01-01201710.1155/2017/32062403206240The Biphasic Effect of Vitamin D on the Musculoskeletal and Cardiovascular SystemArmin Zittermann0Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine-Westphalia, Ruhr University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, GermanyThis narrative review summarizes beneficial and harmful vitamin D effects on the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular system. Special attention is paid to the dose-response relationship of vitamin D with clinical outcomes. In infants and adults, the risk of musculoskeletal diseases is highest at circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations below 25 nmol/L and is low if 40–60 nmol/L are achieved. However, evidence is also accumulating that in elderly people the risk of falls and fractures increases again at circulating 25OHD levels > 100 nmol/L. Cohort studies report a progressive increase in cardiovascular disease (CVD) events at 25OHD levels < 50 nmol/L. Nevertheless, meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials suggest only small beneficial effects of vitamin D supplements on surrogate parameters of CVD risk and no reduction in CVD events. Evidence is accumulating for adverse vitamin D effects on CVD outcomes at 25OHD levels > 100 nmol/L, but the threshold may be influenced by the level of physical activity. In conclusion, dose-response relationships indicate deleterious effects on the musculoskeletal system and probably on the cardiovascular system at circulating 25OHD levels < 40–60 nmol/L and >100 nmol/L. Future studies should focus on populations with 25OHD levels < 40 nmol/L and should avoid vitamin D doses achieving 25OHD levels > 100 nmol/L.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3206240 |
| spellingShingle | Armin Zittermann The Biphasic Effect of Vitamin D on the Musculoskeletal and Cardiovascular System International Journal of Endocrinology |
| title | The Biphasic Effect of Vitamin D on the Musculoskeletal and Cardiovascular System |
| title_full | The Biphasic Effect of Vitamin D on the Musculoskeletal and Cardiovascular System |
| title_fullStr | The Biphasic Effect of Vitamin D on the Musculoskeletal and Cardiovascular System |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Biphasic Effect of Vitamin D on the Musculoskeletal and Cardiovascular System |
| title_short | The Biphasic Effect of Vitamin D on the Musculoskeletal and Cardiovascular System |
| title_sort | biphasic effect of vitamin d on the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular system |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3206240 |
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