Identification of Interactive Genetic Loci Linked to Insulin Resistance in Metabolic Syndrome—An Update
Metabolic syndrome is a metabolic disorder characterized by hypertension, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and abdominal obesity. Impaired insulin action or insulin resistance initiates metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of insulin resistance is increasing all over the world. Insulin resist...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Imadeldin Elfaki Rashid Mir Mohamed E. Elnageeb Abdullah Hamadi Zeyad M. Alharbi Ruqaiah I. Bedaiwi Jamsheed Javid Tariq Alrasheed Dalal Alatawi Basmah M. Alrohaf Mohammed K. Abunab Turki Ahmed Muqri |
| author_facet | Imadeldin Elfaki Rashid Mir Mohamed E. Elnageeb Abdullah Hamadi Zeyad M. Alharbi Ruqaiah I. Bedaiwi Jamsheed Javid Tariq Alrasheed Dalal Alatawi Basmah M. Alrohaf Mohammed K. Abunab Turki Ahmed Muqri |
| author_sort | Imadeldin Elfaki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Metabolic syndrome is a metabolic disorder characterized by hypertension, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and abdominal obesity. Impaired insulin action or insulin resistance initiates metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of insulin resistance is increasing all over the world. Insulin resistance results in the defective metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids, in addition to low-grade chronic inflammation. Insulin resistance is associated with metabolic syndrome, which is a risk factor for a number of pathological conditions, such as Type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Genome-wide association studies have increased our understanding of many loci linked to these diseases and others. In this review, we discuss insulin resistance and its contribution to metabolic syndrome and these diseases. We also discuss the genetic loci associated with them. Genetic testing is invaluable in the identification and stratification of susceptible populations and/or individuals. After susceptible individuals and/or populations have been identified via genetic testing or screening, lifestyle modifications such as regular exercise, weight loss, a healthy diet, and smoking cessation can reduce or prevent metabolic syndrome and its associated pathologies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-47915e44c9834be9b66d546e9998e386 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1010-660X 1648-9144 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medicina |
| spelling | doaj-art-47915e44c9834be9b66d546e9998e3862025-01-24T13:40:32ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442025-01-016118310.3390/medicina61010083Identification of Interactive Genetic Loci Linked to Insulin Resistance in Metabolic Syndrome—An UpdateImadeldin Elfaki0Rashid Mir1Mohamed E. Elnageeb2Abdullah Hamadi3Zeyad M. Alharbi4Ruqaiah I. Bedaiwi5Jamsheed Javid6Tariq Alrasheed7Dalal Alatawi8Basmah M. Alrohaf9Mohammed K. Abunab10Turki Ahmed Muqri11Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi ArabiaPrince Fahd Bin Sultan Research Chair for Biomedical Research, Department of MLT, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi ArabiaPrince Fahd Bin Sultan Research Chair for Biomedical Research, Department of MLT, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi ArabiaPrince Fahd Bin Sultan Research Chair for Biomedical Research, Department of MLT, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi ArabiaPrince Fahd Bin Sultan Research Chair for Biomedical Research, Department of MLT, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi ArabiaPrince Fahd Bin Sultan Research Chair for Biomedical Research, Department of MLT, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi ArabiaHaematology Laboratory, King Fahd Special Hospital, Ministry of Health, Tabuk 71491, Saudi ArabiaMinistry of Health, Tabuk Region, Tabuk 71491, Saudi ArabiaSaudi Ministry of Health, Umluj Region, Tabuk 71491, Saudi ArabiaAsir Health Cluster, Tarj General Hospital, Bisha 67721, Saudi ArabiaMetabolic syndrome is a metabolic disorder characterized by hypertension, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and abdominal obesity. Impaired insulin action or insulin resistance initiates metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of insulin resistance is increasing all over the world. Insulin resistance results in the defective metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids, in addition to low-grade chronic inflammation. Insulin resistance is associated with metabolic syndrome, which is a risk factor for a number of pathological conditions, such as Type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Genome-wide association studies have increased our understanding of many loci linked to these diseases and others. In this review, we discuss insulin resistance and its contribution to metabolic syndrome and these diseases. We also discuss the genetic loci associated with them. Genetic testing is invaluable in the identification and stratification of susceptible populations and/or individuals. After susceptible individuals and/or populations have been identified via genetic testing or screening, lifestyle modifications such as regular exercise, weight loss, a healthy diet, and smoking cessation can reduce or prevent metabolic syndrome and its associated pathologies.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/1/83metabolic syndromeinsulin resistancetype 2 diabetes (T2D)cardiovascular disease (CDV)polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) |
| spellingShingle | Imadeldin Elfaki Rashid Mir Mohamed E. Elnageeb Abdullah Hamadi Zeyad M. Alharbi Ruqaiah I. Bedaiwi Jamsheed Javid Tariq Alrasheed Dalal Alatawi Basmah M. Alrohaf Mohammed K. Abunab Turki Ahmed Muqri Identification of Interactive Genetic Loci Linked to Insulin Resistance in Metabolic Syndrome—An Update Medicina metabolic syndrome insulin resistance type 2 diabetes (T2D) cardiovascular disease (CDV) polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) |
| title | Identification of Interactive Genetic Loci Linked to Insulin Resistance in Metabolic Syndrome—An Update |
| title_full | Identification of Interactive Genetic Loci Linked to Insulin Resistance in Metabolic Syndrome—An Update |
| title_fullStr | Identification of Interactive Genetic Loci Linked to Insulin Resistance in Metabolic Syndrome—An Update |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification of Interactive Genetic Loci Linked to Insulin Resistance in Metabolic Syndrome—An Update |
| title_short | Identification of Interactive Genetic Loci Linked to Insulin Resistance in Metabolic Syndrome—An Update |
| title_sort | identification of interactive genetic loci linked to insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome an update |
| topic | metabolic syndrome insulin resistance type 2 diabetes (T2D) cardiovascular disease (CDV) polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/1/83 |
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