Comparison of In Vitro Biotransformation of Olive Polyphenols Between Healthy Young and Elderly
Background: Olive leaves are a rich source of polyphenols, predominantly secoiridoids, flavonoids, and simple phenols, which exhibit various biological properties. Extracts prepared from olive leaves are associated with hypoglycemic, hypotensive, diuretic, and antiseptic properties. Upon ingestion,...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Stef Lauwers Anne-Sophie Weyns Annelies Breynaert Tim Van Rillaer Valerie Van Huynegem Erik Fransen Wout Bittremieux Sarah Lebeer Emmy Tuenter Nina Hermans |
| author_facet | Stef Lauwers Anne-Sophie Weyns Annelies Breynaert Tim Van Rillaer Valerie Van Huynegem Erik Fransen Wout Bittremieux Sarah Lebeer Emmy Tuenter Nina Hermans |
| author_sort | Stef Lauwers |
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| description | Background: Olive leaves are a rich source of polyphenols, predominantly secoiridoids, flavonoids, and simple phenols, which exhibit various biological properties. Extracts prepared from olive leaves are associated with hypoglycemic, hypotensive, diuretic, and antiseptic properties. Upon ingestion, a substantial fraction of these polyphenols reaches the colon where they undergo extensive metabolism by the gut microbiota. Host characteristics, like age, can influence the composition of the gut microbiome, potentially affecting the biotransformation of these compounds. Therefore, it can be hypothesised that differences in the gut microbiome between young and elderly individuals may impact the biotransformation rate and the type and amount of metabolites formed. Methods: An in vitro biotransformation model was used to mimic the conditions in the stomach, small intestine and colon of two age groups of healthy participants (20–30 years old, ≥65 years old), using oleuropein as a single compound and an olive leaf extract as test compounds. The bacterial composition and metabolite content were investigated. Results: The study revealed that, while the same metabolites were formed in both age groups, in the young age group, less metabolite formation was observed, likely due to a reduced viable cell count. Most biotransformation reactions took place within the first 24 h of colon incubation, and mainly, deglycosylation, hydrolysis, flavonoid ring cleavage, and demethylation reactions were observed. A bacterial composition analysis showed a steep drop in α-diversity after 24 h of colon incubation, likely due to favourable experimental conditions for certain bacterial species. Conclusions: Both age groups produced the same metabolites, suggesting that the potential for polyphenols to exert their health-promoting benefits persists in healthy older individuals. |
| format | Article |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj-art-4744efb3a08e47feb206f8384f0485012025-01-24T13:41:12ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892025-01-011512610.3390/metabo15010026Comparison of In Vitro Biotransformation of Olive Polyphenols Between Healthy Young and ElderlyStef Lauwers0Anne-Sophie Weyns1Annelies Breynaert2Tim Van Rillaer3Valerie Van Huynegem4Erik Fransen5Wout Bittremieux6Sarah Lebeer7Emmy Tuenter8Nina Hermans9Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis—Pharmaceutical Technology (NatuRAPT), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, BelgiumNatural Products & Food Research and Analysis—Pharmaceutical Technology (NatuRAPT), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, BelgiumNatural Products & Food Research and Analysis—Pharmaceutical Technology (NatuRAPT), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, BelgiumLaboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, BelgiumNatural Products & Food Research and Analysis—Pharmaceutical Technology (NatuRAPT), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, BelgiumCenter for Medical Genetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2650 Edegem, BelgiumADReM Data Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, BelgiumLaboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, BelgiumNatural Products & Food Research and Analysis—Pharmaceutical Technology (NatuRAPT), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, BelgiumNatural Products & Food Research and Analysis—Pharmaceutical Technology (NatuRAPT), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, BelgiumBackground: Olive leaves are a rich source of polyphenols, predominantly secoiridoids, flavonoids, and simple phenols, which exhibit various biological properties. Extracts prepared from olive leaves are associated with hypoglycemic, hypotensive, diuretic, and antiseptic properties. Upon ingestion, a substantial fraction of these polyphenols reaches the colon where they undergo extensive metabolism by the gut microbiota. Host characteristics, like age, can influence the composition of the gut microbiome, potentially affecting the biotransformation of these compounds. Therefore, it can be hypothesised that differences in the gut microbiome between young and elderly individuals may impact the biotransformation rate and the type and amount of metabolites formed. Methods: An in vitro biotransformation model was used to mimic the conditions in the stomach, small intestine and colon of two age groups of healthy participants (20–30 years old, ≥65 years old), using oleuropein as a single compound and an olive leaf extract as test compounds. The bacterial composition and metabolite content were investigated. Results: The study revealed that, while the same metabolites were formed in both age groups, in the young age group, less metabolite formation was observed, likely due to a reduced viable cell count. Most biotransformation reactions took place within the first 24 h of colon incubation, and mainly, deglycosylation, hydrolysis, flavonoid ring cleavage, and demethylation reactions were observed. A bacterial composition analysis showed a steep drop in α-diversity after 24 h of colon incubation, likely due to favourable experimental conditions for certain bacterial species. Conclusions: Both age groups produced the same metabolites, suggesting that the potential for polyphenols to exert their health-promoting benefits persists in healthy older individuals.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/15/1/26oleuropeinolive polyphenolsgastrointestinal biotransformationmetabolomicsgut microbiome |
| spellingShingle | Stef Lauwers Anne-Sophie Weyns Annelies Breynaert Tim Van Rillaer Valerie Van Huynegem Erik Fransen Wout Bittremieux Sarah Lebeer Emmy Tuenter Nina Hermans Comparison of In Vitro Biotransformation of Olive Polyphenols Between Healthy Young and Elderly Metabolites oleuropein olive polyphenols gastrointestinal biotransformation metabolomics gut microbiome |
| title | Comparison of In Vitro Biotransformation of Olive Polyphenols Between Healthy Young and Elderly |
| title_full | Comparison of In Vitro Biotransformation of Olive Polyphenols Between Healthy Young and Elderly |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of In Vitro Biotransformation of Olive Polyphenols Between Healthy Young and Elderly |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of In Vitro Biotransformation of Olive Polyphenols Between Healthy Young and Elderly |
| title_short | Comparison of In Vitro Biotransformation of Olive Polyphenols Between Healthy Young and Elderly |
| title_sort | comparison of in vitro biotransformation of olive polyphenols between healthy young and elderly |
| topic | oleuropein olive polyphenols gastrointestinal biotransformation metabolomics gut microbiome |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/15/1/26 |
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