Statistical analysis of EBSD data confirms pronounced classical and non-classical pervasive crystallographic twinning in rotaliid foraminiferal calcite

Abstract We describe a quantitative statistical and geometric analysis of classical and non-classical modes of twinning in the calcite produced by biomineralization in the shell of the rotaliid foraminifer species Amphistegina lessonii. Foraminifera are responsible for about a quarter of the marine...

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Main Authors: Wolfgang W. Schmahl, X. Yin, J. Lastam, E. Griesshaber, S. Hoerl, E. Sturm, A. Sancho Vaquer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-92636-y
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author Wolfgang W. Schmahl
X. Yin
J. Lastam
E. Griesshaber
S. Hoerl
E. Sturm
A. Sancho Vaquer
author_facet Wolfgang W. Schmahl
X. Yin
J. Lastam
E. Griesshaber
S. Hoerl
E. Sturm
A. Sancho Vaquer
author_sort Wolfgang W. Schmahl
collection DOAJ
description Abstract We describe a quantitative statistical and geometric analysis of classical and non-classical modes of twinning in the calcite produced by biomineralization in the shell of the rotaliid foraminifer species Amphistegina lessonii. Foraminifera are responsible for about a quarter of the marine production of CaCO3 and thus play a major role in the natural CO2 sequestration into marine carbonate sediments. The shell calcite of rotaliid foraminifera is nano-twinned and thus quite distinct from inorganic calcite and from biogenic calcite produced by other groups of organisms. Previous work showed that foraminiferal calcite contains a high spatial density of twin walls of the classical 60°|<001> = m.{001} twin, but there was another peak in the range between 75° and 80° in the misorientation statistics of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) maps of the same specimen. We checked the significance of all maxima in misorientation by in-depth statistical analysis, thus confirmed the 60°|<001> penetration twinning and found that the 75°–80° maxima are related to new, non-classical, but systematically reoccurring oriented associations of calcite crystals with orientation relationships 78.2°|<991> and 76.6°|<6 −6 1>. If the nano-twinning provides an evolutionary advantage, it may increase the strength and toughness of the feeble mineralized chamber walls of the organisms.
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spelling doaj-art-46f2d3bba69444f8953b242bb5db23462025-08-20T01:47:34ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111710.1038/s41598-025-92636-yStatistical analysis of EBSD data confirms pronounced classical and non-classical pervasive crystallographic twinning in rotaliid foraminiferal calciteWolfgang W. Schmahl0X. Yin1J. Lastam2E. Griesshaber3S. Hoerl4E. Sturm5A. Sancho Vaquer6Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig Maximilians Universität MünchenDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig Maximilians Universität MünchenDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig Maximilians Universität MünchenDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig Maximilians Universität MünchenDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig Maximilians Universität MünchenDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig Maximilians Universität MünchenDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig Maximilians Universität MünchenAbstract We describe a quantitative statistical and geometric analysis of classical and non-classical modes of twinning in the calcite produced by biomineralization in the shell of the rotaliid foraminifer species Amphistegina lessonii. Foraminifera are responsible for about a quarter of the marine production of CaCO3 and thus play a major role in the natural CO2 sequestration into marine carbonate sediments. The shell calcite of rotaliid foraminifera is nano-twinned and thus quite distinct from inorganic calcite and from biogenic calcite produced by other groups of organisms. Previous work showed that foraminiferal calcite contains a high spatial density of twin walls of the classical 60°|<001> = m.{001} twin, but there was another peak in the range between 75° and 80° in the misorientation statistics of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) maps of the same specimen. We checked the significance of all maxima in misorientation by in-depth statistical analysis, thus confirmed the 60°|<001> penetration twinning and found that the 75°–80° maxima are related to new, non-classical, but systematically reoccurring oriented associations of calcite crystals with orientation relationships 78.2°|<991> and 76.6°|<6 −6 1>. If the nano-twinning provides an evolutionary advantage, it may increase the strength and toughness of the feeble mineralized chamber walls of the organisms.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-92636-yCalcite twinningEBSDForaminifersBiomineralizationAmphistegina
spellingShingle Wolfgang W. Schmahl
X. Yin
J. Lastam
E. Griesshaber
S. Hoerl
E. Sturm
A. Sancho Vaquer
Statistical analysis of EBSD data confirms pronounced classical and non-classical pervasive crystallographic twinning in rotaliid foraminiferal calcite
Scientific Reports
Calcite twinning
EBSD
Foraminifers
Biomineralization
Amphistegina
title Statistical analysis of EBSD data confirms pronounced classical and non-classical pervasive crystallographic twinning in rotaliid foraminiferal calcite
title_full Statistical analysis of EBSD data confirms pronounced classical and non-classical pervasive crystallographic twinning in rotaliid foraminiferal calcite
title_fullStr Statistical analysis of EBSD data confirms pronounced classical and non-classical pervasive crystallographic twinning in rotaliid foraminiferal calcite
title_full_unstemmed Statistical analysis of EBSD data confirms pronounced classical and non-classical pervasive crystallographic twinning in rotaliid foraminiferal calcite
title_short Statistical analysis of EBSD data confirms pronounced classical and non-classical pervasive crystallographic twinning in rotaliid foraminiferal calcite
title_sort statistical analysis of ebsd data confirms pronounced classical and non classical pervasive crystallographic twinning in rotaliid foraminiferal calcite
topic Calcite twinning
EBSD
Foraminifers
Biomineralization
Amphistegina
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-92636-y
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