Emodin Improves Juvenile Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) Liver Health Through Nrf2/NF-κB Pathway and Fat Metabolism: Growth Performance, Immune Response and Resistance Against <i>Aeromonas veronii</i> Infection
The experiment was aimed at examining the influence of adding emodin to feeds on the growth performance, liver immunity, and resistance against <i>Aeromonas veronii</i> infection among juvenile largemouth basses and other potential mechanisms. A total of 540 fish (45 ± 0.3 g) were random...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Animals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/2/178 |
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| Summary: | The experiment was aimed at examining the influence of adding emodin to feeds on the growth performance, liver immunity, and resistance against <i>Aeromonas veronii</i> infection among juvenile largemouth basses and other potential mechanisms. A total of 540 fish (45 ± 0.3 g) were randomly divided into 6 diets, including EM-0, EM-250, EM-500, EM-1000, EM-2000, and EM-4000 diets, in which 0, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> emodin was added. Following a 60-day feeding test, it demonstrated that the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of juveniles within the EM-500 and EM-1000 groups remarkably exceeded that of the EM-0 group. Subsequently, unlike those in EM-0 group, the fish in the EM-1000 group showed heightened hepatocyte count, induced hepatic lipolysis-associated expression of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor α (<i>PPARα</i>) and acyl-coenzyme an oxidase (<i>ACO</i>), and reduced the hepatic triglyceride (TG) levels. Additionally, EM-1000 could up-regulate the expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-associated factor 2 (<i>Nrf2</i>) and heme oxygenase-1 (<i>HO-1</i>) in livers compared with controls and boost antioxidant enzymes activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT), along with a lower content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Meanwhile, the EM-1000 group increased anti-inflammatory cytokines of interleukin-10 (<i>IL-10</i>) while suppressing the interleukin-8 (<i>IL-8</i>) expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in livers by contrast to controls. In the end, juvenile largemouth bass in the EM-1000 group showed a comparatively highest survival rate, whereas fish in the EM-2000 and EM-4000 groups exhibited a little higher mortality than that of the EM-0 group. To sum up, our study exposed that supplementing emodin with 1000 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> in diet could enhance the hepatic antioxidant status and unspecific immunity to reinforce the protective effect on disease resistance, resulting in improving the growth performance in juvenile largemouth bass. |
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| ISSN: | 2076-2615 |