Crossover frequencies in spermatocytes of Robertsonian homozygotes and heterozygotes of Mus musculus domesticus
Abstract Crossovers (COs) generate genetic diversity and proper homologous chromosome segregation during meiosis. Mus musculus domesticus, with a diploid number of 2n=40, has 19 autosomal pairs plus one sex chromosome pair all of which are telocentric chromosomes. Frequently exhibits Robertsonian fu...
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Sociedade Brasileira de Genética
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Genetics and Molecular Biology |
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| author | Eliana Ayarza Marisel González Jesús Page Soledad Berríos |
| author_facet | Eliana Ayarza Marisel González Jesús Page Soledad Berríos |
| author_sort | Eliana Ayarza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Crossovers (COs) generate genetic diversity and proper homologous chromosome segregation during meiosis. Mus musculus domesticus, with a diploid number of 2n=40, has 19 autosomal pairs plus one sex chromosome pair all of which are telocentric chromosomes. Frequently exhibits Robertsonian fusions (Rb), which create natural populations with reduced chromosome numbers according to the Rb chromosomes. We examined the number and distribution of COs in spermatocytes from standard homozygous 2n=40 individuals, compared to homozygous Rb 2n=24 and heterozygous Rb 2n=32 individuals carrying 8 trivalents. Spermatocyte nuclear spreads from homozygous and heterozygous were prepared, and immunocytochemistry was used to detect the MLH1 protein for crossover (CO) and the SYCP3 protein for synaptonemal complexes in bivalents or trivalents. We observed an average of 26 ± 2.1 COs in 2n=40, 20.1 ± 1.6 COs in 2n=24, and an intermediate value of 22.4 ± 2.0 COs in 2n=32 spermatocytes. The lower frequency of COs in 2n=24 and 2n=32 spermatocytes compared to 2n=40 may be due to interference from the pericentromeric heterochromatin present in the Rb bivalent or trivalent chromosomes. Additionally, we suggest that the spatial positioning and interactions of these derivative chromosomes in the nucleus could help explain the differences in COs between 2n=24, 2n=32, and 2n=40 spermatocytes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-46495a0ddffd4a8a80558793ce408a06 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1678-4685 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Sociedade Brasileira de Genética |
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| series | Genetics and Molecular Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-46495a0ddffd4a8a80558793ce408a062025-08-20T04:00:34ZengSociedade Brasileira de GenéticaGenetics and Molecular Biology1678-46852025-08-0148310.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2024-0219Crossover frequencies in spermatocytes of Robertsonian homozygotes and heterozygotes of Mus musculus domesticusEliana Ayarzahttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2804-346XMarisel Gonzálezhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-7114-3131Jesús Pagehttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8381-324XSoledad Berríoshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5139-3906Abstract Crossovers (COs) generate genetic diversity and proper homologous chromosome segregation during meiosis. Mus musculus domesticus, with a diploid number of 2n=40, has 19 autosomal pairs plus one sex chromosome pair all of which are telocentric chromosomes. Frequently exhibits Robertsonian fusions (Rb), which create natural populations with reduced chromosome numbers according to the Rb chromosomes. We examined the number and distribution of COs in spermatocytes from standard homozygous 2n=40 individuals, compared to homozygous Rb 2n=24 and heterozygous Rb 2n=32 individuals carrying 8 trivalents. Spermatocyte nuclear spreads from homozygous and heterozygous were prepared, and immunocytochemistry was used to detect the MLH1 protein for crossover (CO) and the SYCP3 protein for synaptonemal complexes in bivalents or trivalents. We observed an average of 26 ± 2.1 COs in 2n=40, 20.1 ± 1.6 COs in 2n=24, and an intermediate value of 22.4 ± 2.0 COs in 2n=32 spermatocytes. The lower frequency of COs in 2n=24 and 2n=32 spermatocytes compared to 2n=40 may be due to interference from the pericentromeric heterochromatin present in the Rb bivalent or trivalent chromosomes. Additionally, we suggest that the spatial positioning and interactions of these derivative chromosomes in the nucleus could help explain the differences in COs between 2n=24, 2n=32, and 2n=40 spermatocytes.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572025000300201&lng=en&tlng=enMeiosisRobertsonian chromosomescrossoversMus musculus domesticusspermatocytes |
| spellingShingle | Eliana Ayarza Marisel González Jesús Page Soledad Berríos Crossover frequencies in spermatocytes of Robertsonian homozygotes and heterozygotes of Mus musculus domesticus Genetics and Molecular Biology Meiosis Robertsonian chromosomes crossovers Mus musculus domesticus spermatocytes |
| title | Crossover frequencies in spermatocytes of Robertsonian homozygotes and heterozygotes of Mus musculus domesticus |
| title_full | Crossover frequencies in spermatocytes of Robertsonian homozygotes and heterozygotes of Mus musculus domesticus |
| title_fullStr | Crossover frequencies in spermatocytes of Robertsonian homozygotes and heterozygotes of Mus musculus domesticus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Crossover frequencies in spermatocytes of Robertsonian homozygotes and heterozygotes of Mus musculus domesticus |
| title_short | Crossover frequencies in spermatocytes of Robertsonian homozygotes and heterozygotes of Mus musculus domesticus |
| title_sort | crossover frequencies in spermatocytes of robertsonian homozygotes and heterozygotes of mus musculus domesticus |
| topic | Meiosis Robertsonian chromosomes crossovers Mus musculus domesticus spermatocytes |
| url | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572025000300201&lng=en&tlng=en |
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