Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterizations of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on Frequently Touched Sites from Public Hospitals in South Africa
The hospital environment acts as a reservoir in the transmission of pathogens, such as MRSA, which may cause hospital-acquired infections. This study aimed to ascertain the prevalence, genetic relatedness, antibiotic resistance, and virulence profile of MRSA on some frequently touched hospital sites...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2021-01-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Microbiology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6011045 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832545983434588160 |
|---|---|
| author | Siyethaba Mkhize Daniel G. Amoako Christiana O. Shobo Oliver T. Zishiri Linda A. Bester |
| author_facet | Siyethaba Mkhize Daniel G. Amoako Christiana O. Shobo Oliver T. Zishiri Linda A. Bester |
| author_sort | Siyethaba Mkhize |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The hospital environment acts as a reservoir in the transmission of pathogens, such as MRSA, which may cause hospital-acquired infections. This study aimed to ascertain the prevalence, genetic relatedness, antibiotic resistance, and virulence profile of MRSA on some frequently touched hospital sites in South Africa. A total of 777 swabs were randomly collected from 11 frequently touched sites in the hospital environment of three wards of four public hospitals in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. Isolation of S. aureus and confirmation were done using genotypic and phenotypic methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby–Bauer disk-diffusion method. MRSA isolates were determined by the presence of the mecA gene. Virulence and resistance genes were detected using a standard monoplex PCR assay. ERIC-PCR was conducted to evaluate the genetic relatedness. An overall prevalence of 12.7% for S. aureus isolates was obtained. Out of these, 89.9% (89/99) were confirmed to be MRSA. The sites with the highest prevalence were the occupied beds (16.2% (16/99)), unoccupied beds (16.2% (16/99)), patient files (14.1% (14/99)), ward phones (13.1% (13/99)), and nurses’ tables (14.1% (14/99)). The virulence genes with the highest observed frequency were hld (87 (87.9%)) and LukS/F-PV (53 (53.5%)). The resistance genes with the highest frequency were the tetM and tetK genes detected in 60 (60.6%) and 57 (57.6%) isolates, respectively. The ERIC-PCR results obtained indicated a high level of genetic diversity; however, intraclonal (within a hospital) and interclonal (between hospitals) clusters of MRSA were observed. The study showed that MRSA can contaminate various surfaces, and this persistence allows for the dissemination of bacteria within the hospital environment. This highlights the need for improved infection prevention and control (IPC) strategies in public hospitals in the country to curb their potential transmission risks. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-45f4c810dba3490886ff5d3a31d63060 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-918X 1687-9198 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-45f4c810dba3490886ff5d3a31d630602025-02-03T07:24:04ZengWileyInternational Journal of Microbiology1687-918X1687-91982021-01-01202110.1155/2021/60110456011045Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterizations of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on Frequently Touched Sites from Public Hospitals in South AfricaSiyethaba Mkhize0Daniel G. Amoako1Christiana O. Shobo2Oliver T. Zishiri3Linda A. Bester4Biomedical Resource Unit, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South AfricaAntimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South AfricaBiomedical Resource Unit, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South AfricaDiscipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South AfricaBiomedical Resource Unit, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South AfricaThe hospital environment acts as a reservoir in the transmission of pathogens, such as MRSA, which may cause hospital-acquired infections. This study aimed to ascertain the prevalence, genetic relatedness, antibiotic resistance, and virulence profile of MRSA on some frequently touched hospital sites in South Africa. A total of 777 swabs were randomly collected from 11 frequently touched sites in the hospital environment of three wards of four public hospitals in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. Isolation of S. aureus and confirmation were done using genotypic and phenotypic methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby–Bauer disk-diffusion method. MRSA isolates were determined by the presence of the mecA gene. Virulence and resistance genes were detected using a standard monoplex PCR assay. ERIC-PCR was conducted to evaluate the genetic relatedness. An overall prevalence of 12.7% for S. aureus isolates was obtained. Out of these, 89.9% (89/99) were confirmed to be MRSA. The sites with the highest prevalence were the occupied beds (16.2% (16/99)), unoccupied beds (16.2% (16/99)), patient files (14.1% (14/99)), ward phones (13.1% (13/99)), and nurses’ tables (14.1% (14/99)). The virulence genes with the highest observed frequency were hld (87 (87.9%)) and LukS/F-PV (53 (53.5%)). The resistance genes with the highest frequency were the tetM and tetK genes detected in 60 (60.6%) and 57 (57.6%) isolates, respectively. The ERIC-PCR results obtained indicated a high level of genetic diversity; however, intraclonal (within a hospital) and interclonal (between hospitals) clusters of MRSA were observed. The study showed that MRSA can contaminate various surfaces, and this persistence allows for the dissemination of bacteria within the hospital environment. This highlights the need for improved infection prevention and control (IPC) strategies in public hospitals in the country to curb their potential transmission risks.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6011045 |
| spellingShingle | Siyethaba Mkhize Daniel G. Amoako Christiana O. Shobo Oliver T. Zishiri Linda A. Bester Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterizations of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on Frequently Touched Sites from Public Hospitals in South Africa International Journal of Microbiology |
| title | Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterizations of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on Frequently Touched Sites from Public Hospitals in South Africa |
| title_full | Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterizations of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on Frequently Touched Sites from Public Hospitals in South Africa |
| title_fullStr | Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterizations of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on Frequently Touched Sites from Public Hospitals in South Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterizations of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on Frequently Touched Sites from Public Hospitals in South Africa |
| title_short | Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterizations of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on Frequently Touched Sites from Public Hospitals in South Africa |
| title_sort | genotypic and phenotypic characterizations of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus mrsa on frequently touched sites from public hospitals in south africa |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6011045 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT siyethabamkhize genotypicandphenotypiccharacterizationsofmethicillinresistantstaphylococcusaureusmrsaonfrequentlytouchedsitesfrompublichospitalsinsouthafrica AT danielgamoako genotypicandphenotypiccharacterizationsofmethicillinresistantstaphylococcusaureusmrsaonfrequentlytouchedsitesfrompublichospitalsinsouthafrica AT christianaoshobo genotypicandphenotypiccharacterizationsofmethicillinresistantstaphylococcusaureusmrsaonfrequentlytouchedsitesfrompublichospitalsinsouthafrica AT olivertzishiri genotypicandphenotypiccharacterizationsofmethicillinresistantstaphylococcusaureusmrsaonfrequentlytouchedsitesfrompublichospitalsinsouthafrica AT lindaabester genotypicandphenotypiccharacterizationsofmethicillinresistantstaphylococcusaureusmrsaonfrequentlytouchedsitesfrompublichospitalsinsouthafrica |