HIV-Related Immune Activation and Inflammation: Current Understanding and Strategies
Although antiretroviral therapy effectively controls human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication, a residual chronic immune activation/inflammation persists throughout the disease. This aberrant immune activation and inflammation are considered an accelerator of non-AIDS-related events and one of...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Immunology Research |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7316456 |
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| _version_ | 1832556880692510720 |
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| author | Tingxia Lv Wei Cao Taisheng Li |
| author_facet | Tingxia Lv Wei Cao Taisheng Li |
| author_sort | Tingxia Lv |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Although antiretroviral therapy effectively controls human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication, a residual chronic immune activation/inflammation persists throughout the disease. This aberrant immune activation and inflammation are considered an accelerator of non-AIDS-related events and one of the driving forces of CD4+ T cell depletion. Unfortunately, HIV-associated immune activation is driven by various factors, while the mechanism of excessive inflammation has not been formally clarified. To date, several clinical interventions or treatment candidates undergoing clinical trials have been proposed to combat this systemic immune activation/inflammation. However, these strategies revealed limited results, or their nonspecific anti-inflammatory properties are similar to previous interventions. Here, we reviewed recent learnings of immune activation and persisting inflammation associated with HIV infection, as well as the current directions to overcome it. Of note, a more profound understanding of the specific mechanisms for aberrant inflammation is still imperative for identifying an effective clinical intervention strategy. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-455d4bb3a58640e1a5cdd595600d5a8f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2314-8861 2314-7156 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Immunology Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-455d4bb3a58640e1a5cdd595600d5a8f2025-02-03T05:44:08ZengWileyJournal of Immunology Research2314-88612314-71562021-01-01202110.1155/2021/73164567316456HIV-Related Immune Activation and Inflammation: Current Understanding and StrategiesTingxia Lv0Wei Cao1Taisheng Li2Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, ChinaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, ChinaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, ChinaAlthough antiretroviral therapy effectively controls human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication, a residual chronic immune activation/inflammation persists throughout the disease. This aberrant immune activation and inflammation are considered an accelerator of non-AIDS-related events and one of the driving forces of CD4+ T cell depletion. Unfortunately, HIV-associated immune activation is driven by various factors, while the mechanism of excessive inflammation has not been formally clarified. To date, several clinical interventions or treatment candidates undergoing clinical trials have been proposed to combat this systemic immune activation/inflammation. However, these strategies revealed limited results, or their nonspecific anti-inflammatory properties are similar to previous interventions. Here, we reviewed recent learnings of immune activation and persisting inflammation associated with HIV infection, as well as the current directions to overcome it. Of note, a more profound understanding of the specific mechanisms for aberrant inflammation is still imperative for identifying an effective clinical intervention strategy.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7316456 |
| spellingShingle | Tingxia Lv Wei Cao Taisheng Li HIV-Related Immune Activation and Inflammation: Current Understanding and Strategies Journal of Immunology Research |
| title | HIV-Related Immune Activation and Inflammation: Current Understanding and Strategies |
| title_full | HIV-Related Immune Activation and Inflammation: Current Understanding and Strategies |
| title_fullStr | HIV-Related Immune Activation and Inflammation: Current Understanding and Strategies |
| title_full_unstemmed | HIV-Related Immune Activation and Inflammation: Current Understanding and Strategies |
| title_short | HIV-Related Immune Activation and Inflammation: Current Understanding and Strategies |
| title_sort | hiv related immune activation and inflammation current understanding and strategies |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7316456 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tingxialv hivrelatedimmuneactivationandinflammationcurrentunderstandingandstrategies AT weicao hivrelatedimmuneactivationandinflammationcurrentunderstandingandstrategies AT taishengli hivrelatedimmuneactivationandinflammationcurrentunderstandingandstrategies |