Fully implantable, multi‐channel microstimulator with tracking supply ribbon, multi‐output charge pump and energy recovery
Abstract A novel energy‐efficient approach dedicated to high‐density implantable stimulators such as visual prostheses is presented. Energy efficiency of the approach proposed in this work is achieved through two ideas: the ‘tracking supply ribbon’ technique and ‘reverse charge pumping’. The propose...
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| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2021-03-01
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| Series: | IET Circuits, Devices and Systems |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1049/cds2.12007 |
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| author | Amin Rashidi Niloofar Yazdani Amir M. Sodagar |
| author_facet | Amin Rashidi Niloofar Yazdani Amir M. Sodagar |
| author_sort | Amin Rashidi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract A novel energy‐efficient approach dedicated to high‐density implantable stimulators such as visual prostheses is presented. Energy efficiency of the approach proposed in this work is achieved through two ideas: the ‘tracking supply ribbon’ technique and ‘reverse charge pumping’. The proposed approach is implemented, in the multi‐channel case, in such a way that power efficiency of each stimulation channel is enhanced according to its specific voltage/current condition and independently from other channels. For this purpose, a multi‐channel power‐efficient charge pump circuit with small integrated capacitors is proposed. Based on the proposed approach, a fully integrated 16‐channel stimulation backend for a visual prosthesis was designed and simulated in the transistor level in a standard 0.18‐μm triple‐well CMOS technology, occupying 1.41 mm2 of silicon area. According to post‐layout simulation results, power savings of up to 74% for a single channel and 81.5% for multiple channels are achieved compared to the conventional output stage with a constant supply voltage. Designed for the proposed stimulation backend, the charge pump generates output voltages of 3.48 V, −1.69 V, −3.38 V, and −5.05 V out of a 1.8 V input voltage and exhibits average power efficiency of 92.8% and 86.8% for one‐ and three‐stage circuits, respectively, all in the case of a 100 μA current load. All the aforementioned results are based on post‐layout simulation. Moreover, a proof‐of‐concept prototype was developed using off‐the‐shelf components in order to demonstrate the operation of the proposed tracking supply ribbon idea. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-452279b60a644b18a646fb15bf33aea0 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1751-858X 1751-8598 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IET Circuits, Devices and Systems |
| spelling | doaj-art-452279b60a644b18a646fb15bf33aea02025-02-03T06:47:36ZengWileyIET Circuits, Devices and Systems1751-858X1751-85982021-03-0115210412010.1049/cds2.12007Fully implantable, multi‐channel microstimulator with tracking supply ribbon, multi‐output charge pump and energy recoveryAmin Rashidi0Niloofar Yazdani1Amir M. Sodagar2Department of Engineering Aarhus University Aarhus DenmarkDepartment of Engineering Aarhus University Aarhus DenmarkFaculty of Electrical Engineering Research Laboratory for Integrated Circuits and Systems (ICAS) K.N. Toosi University of Technology Tehran IranAbstract A novel energy‐efficient approach dedicated to high‐density implantable stimulators such as visual prostheses is presented. Energy efficiency of the approach proposed in this work is achieved through two ideas: the ‘tracking supply ribbon’ technique and ‘reverse charge pumping’. The proposed approach is implemented, in the multi‐channel case, in such a way that power efficiency of each stimulation channel is enhanced according to its specific voltage/current condition and independently from other channels. For this purpose, a multi‐channel power‐efficient charge pump circuit with small integrated capacitors is proposed. Based on the proposed approach, a fully integrated 16‐channel stimulation backend for a visual prosthesis was designed and simulated in the transistor level in a standard 0.18‐μm triple‐well CMOS technology, occupying 1.41 mm2 of silicon area. According to post‐layout simulation results, power savings of up to 74% for a single channel and 81.5% for multiple channels are achieved compared to the conventional output stage with a constant supply voltage. Designed for the proposed stimulation backend, the charge pump generates output voltages of 3.48 V, −1.69 V, −3.38 V, and −5.05 V out of a 1.8 V input voltage and exhibits average power efficiency of 92.8% and 86.8% for one‐ and three‐stage circuits, respectively, all in the case of a 100 μA current load. All the aforementioned results are based on post‐layout simulation. Moreover, a proof‐of‐concept prototype was developed using off‐the‐shelf components in order to demonstrate the operation of the proposed tracking supply ribbon idea.https://doi.org/10.1049/cds2.12007biomedical electrodesbiomedical electronicscapacitorsCMOS integrated circuitslow‐power electronicsprosthetics |
| spellingShingle | Amin Rashidi Niloofar Yazdani Amir M. Sodagar Fully implantable, multi‐channel microstimulator with tracking supply ribbon, multi‐output charge pump and energy recovery IET Circuits, Devices and Systems biomedical electrodes biomedical electronics capacitors CMOS integrated circuits low‐power electronics prosthetics |
| title | Fully implantable, multi‐channel microstimulator with tracking supply ribbon, multi‐output charge pump and energy recovery |
| title_full | Fully implantable, multi‐channel microstimulator with tracking supply ribbon, multi‐output charge pump and energy recovery |
| title_fullStr | Fully implantable, multi‐channel microstimulator with tracking supply ribbon, multi‐output charge pump and energy recovery |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fully implantable, multi‐channel microstimulator with tracking supply ribbon, multi‐output charge pump and energy recovery |
| title_short | Fully implantable, multi‐channel microstimulator with tracking supply ribbon, multi‐output charge pump and energy recovery |
| title_sort | fully implantable multi channel microstimulator with tracking supply ribbon multi output charge pump and energy recovery |
| topic | biomedical electrodes biomedical electronics capacitors CMOS integrated circuits low‐power electronics prosthetics |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1049/cds2.12007 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT aminrashidi fullyimplantablemultichannelmicrostimulatorwithtrackingsupplyribbonmultioutputchargepumpandenergyrecovery AT niloofaryazdani fullyimplantablemultichannelmicrostimulatorwithtrackingsupplyribbonmultioutputchargepumpandenergyrecovery AT amirmsodagar fullyimplantablemultichannelmicrostimulatorwithtrackingsupplyribbonmultioutputchargepumpandenergyrecovery |