Genetic diversity analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 virus: a literature review
Introduction. The continuous evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus through the accumulation of genetic mutations has led to the emergence of variants with different characteristics, including increased transmissibility, heightened resistance, and changes in disease severity. Material and methods. The r...
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Asociatia de Biosiguranta si Biosecuritate
2025-01-01
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| Series: | One Health & Risk Management |
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| Online Access: | https://journal.ohrm.bba.md/index.php/journal-ohrm-bba-md/article/view/800 |
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| _version_ | 1850048076132122624 |
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| author | Svetlana COLAC Mariana ULINICI Olga BURDUNIUC |
| author_facet | Svetlana COLAC Mariana ULINICI Olga BURDUNIUC |
| author_sort | Svetlana COLAC |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction. The continuous evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus through the accumulation of genetic mutations has led to the emergence of variants with different characteristics, including increased transmissibility, heightened resistance, and changes in disease severity.
Material and methods. The research was conducted using open-access international databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and national libraries, employing the keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, genetic monitoring, mutation variants, sequencing, S protein.
Results. Currently, the WHO identifies five major genetic variants of concern (VOCs): Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron. The Alpha variant became globally dominant in early 2021 and was replaced by the Delta variant in the summer of 2021. The Delta strain has over 13 mutations, nine of which are found in the S protein. The genome of the Omicron variant contains more than 30 mutations in the conserved domain of the Spike protein. The Omicron variant caused a sharp increase in the number of COVID-19 cases worldwide and was responsible for a record 15 million new infections reported worldwide in one week.
Conclusions. The continuous evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 genome poses new challenges for public health. It is essential to study the virus's genetic characteristics to understand mutations, immune evasion, and the persistent effects of infection, with the aim of optimizing prevention and treatment strategies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-44de96d526b44c51a834a9a96c69b00b |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2587-3458 2587-3466 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Asociatia de Biosiguranta si Biosecuritate |
| record_format | Article |
| series | One Health & Risk Management |
| spelling | doaj-art-44de96d526b44c51a834a9a96c69b00b2025-08-20T02:54:04ZengAsociatia de Biosiguranta si BiosecuritateOne Health & Risk Management2587-34582587-34662025-01-0161162910.38045/ohrm.2025.1.02Genetic diversity analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 virus: a literature reviewSvetlana COLAC0https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4505-9948Mariana ULINICI1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9292-0124Olga BURDUNIUC2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6944-0800National Agency for Public Health, Chisinau, the Republic of MoldovaInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, ItalyNational Agency for Public Health; ”Nicolae Testemitanu” State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, the Republic of MoldovaIntroduction. The continuous evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus through the accumulation of genetic mutations has led to the emergence of variants with different characteristics, including increased transmissibility, heightened resistance, and changes in disease severity. Material and methods. The research was conducted using open-access international databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and national libraries, employing the keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, genetic monitoring, mutation variants, sequencing, S protein. Results. Currently, the WHO identifies five major genetic variants of concern (VOCs): Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron. The Alpha variant became globally dominant in early 2021 and was replaced by the Delta variant in the summer of 2021. The Delta strain has over 13 mutations, nine of which are found in the S protein. The genome of the Omicron variant contains more than 30 mutations in the conserved domain of the Spike protein. The Omicron variant caused a sharp increase in the number of COVID-19 cases worldwide and was responsible for a record 15 million new infections reported worldwide in one week. Conclusions. The continuous evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 genome poses new challenges for public health. It is essential to study the virus's genetic characteristics to understand mutations, immune evasion, and the persistent effects of infection, with the aim of optimizing prevention and treatment strategies.https://journal.ohrm.bba.md/index.php/journal-ohrm-bba-md/article/view/800sars-cov-2covid-19genetic moni-toringmutation variantssequenc-ings protein. |
| spellingShingle | Svetlana COLAC Mariana ULINICI Olga BURDUNIUC Genetic diversity analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 virus: a literature review One Health & Risk Management sars-cov-2 covid-19 genetic moni-toring mutation variants sequenc-ing s protein. |
| title | Genetic diversity analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 virus: a literature review |
| title_full | Genetic diversity analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 virus: a literature review |
| title_fullStr | Genetic diversity analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 virus: a literature review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetic diversity analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 virus: a literature review |
| title_short | Genetic diversity analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 virus: a literature review |
| title_sort | genetic diversity analysis of the sars cov 2 virus a literature review |
| topic | sars-cov-2 covid-19 genetic moni-toring mutation variants sequenc-ing s protein. |
| url | https://journal.ohrm.bba.md/index.php/journal-ohrm-bba-md/article/view/800 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT svetlanacolac geneticdiversityanalysisofthesarscov2virusaliteraturereview AT marianaulinici geneticdiversityanalysisofthesarscov2virusaliteraturereview AT olgaburduniuc geneticdiversityanalysisofthesarscov2virusaliteraturereview |