Enhanced early innate immunity and phagocytosis in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) induced by Aeromonas hydrophila fermentation broth during initial vaccine response
Aeromonas hydrophila is a significant fish pathogen responsible for substantial economic losses in the global aquaculture industry. To promote bacterial disease resistance during early vaccine immunity in fish, we investigated the regulation of fermentation broth in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idel...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Aquaculture Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235251342500016X |
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| Summary: | Aeromonas hydrophila is a significant fish pathogen responsible for substantial economic losses in the global aquaculture industry. To promote bacterial disease resistance during early vaccine immunity in fish, we investigated the regulation of fermentation broth in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). We focused on leukocyte phagocytosis, the innate immune response, and short-term disease resistance. These investigations were conducted in vitro using C. idella kidney (CIK) cells after exposure to the A. hydrophila vaccine. In this study, we observed that CIK cells exhibited typical phagocytic activity in response to immunostimulation by A. hydrophila. Transcriptome analysis suggested that exposure to inactivated A. hydrophila rapidly activated the host's innate immune defense system, as evidenced by the stimulation of 12 higher-order network correlations among immune-related differentially expressed genes. Moreover, in vivo studies revealed that the fermentation broth of A. hydrophila promoted cytophagocytosis in the blood leukocytes of grass carp by regulating the innate immune response during vaccine-induced immunity. This modulation conferred histopathological protection against early A. hydrophila infection within 7 days post-immunostimulation. These findings provide new insights into the regulatory role of microbial fermentation broth in the early non-specific immune response of fish, highlighting its protective effects against bacterial invasion during the critical period before the establishment of specific immunity. |
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| ISSN: | 2352-5134 |