Synergy of Remote Sensing and Geospatial Technologies to Advance Sustainable Development Goals for Future Coastal Urbanization and Environmental Challenges in a Riverine Megacity
Riverine coastal megacities, particularly in semi-arid South Asian regions, face escalating environmental challenges due to rapid urbanization and climate change. While previous studies have examined urban growth patterns or environmental impacts independently, there remains a critical gap in unders...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Minza Mumtaz Syed Humayoun Jahanzaib Waqar Hussain Sadia Khan Youssef M. Youssef Saleh Qaysi Abdalla Abdelnabi Nassir Alarifi Mahmoud E. Abd-Elmaboud |
| author_facet | Minza Mumtaz Syed Humayoun Jahanzaib Waqar Hussain Sadia Khan Youssef M. Youssef Saleh Qaysi Abdalla Abdelnabi Nassir Alarifi Mahmoud E. Abd-Elmaboud |
| author_sort | Minza Mumtaz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Riverine coastal megacities, particularly in semi-arid South Asian regions, face escalating environmental challenges due to rapid urbanization and climate change. While previous studies have examined urban growth patterns or environmental impacts independently, there remains a critical gap in understanding the integrated impacts of land use/land cover (LULC) changes on both ecosystem vulnerability and sustainable development achievements. This study addresses this gap through an innovative integration of multitemporal Landsat imagery (5, 7, and 8), SRTM-DEM, historical land use maps, and population data using the MOLUSCE plugin with cellular automata–artificial neural networks (CA-ANN) modelling to monitor LULC changes over three decades (1990–2020) and project future changes for 2025, 2030, and 2035, supporting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Karachi, southern Pakistan, one of the world’s most populous megacities. The framework integrates LULC analysis with SDG metrics, achieving an overall accuracy greater than 97%, with user and producer accuracies above 77% and a Kappa coefficient approaching 1, demonstrating a high level of agreement. Results revealed significant urban expansion from 13.4% to 23.7% of the total area between 1990 and 2020, with concurrent reductions in vegetation cover, water bodies, and wetlands. Erosion along the riverbank has caused the Malir River’s area to decrease from 17.19 to 5.07 km<sup>2</sup> by 2020, highlighting a key factor contributing to urban flooding during the monsoon season. Flood risk projections indicate that urbanized areas will be most affected, with 66.65% potentially inundated by 2035. This study’s innovative contribution lies in quantifying SDG achievements, showing varied progress: 26% for SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), 18% for SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), 13% for SDG 13 (Climate Action), and 16% for SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth). However, declining vegetation cover and water bodies pose challenges for SDG 15 (Life on Land) and SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), with 16% and 11%, respectively. This integrated approach provides valuable insights for urban planners, offering a novel framework for adaptive urban planning strategies and advancing sustainable practices in similar stressed megacity regions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-446753bd8b1b405483254136cd12a01d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2220-9964 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information |
| spelling | doaj-art-446753bd8b1b405483254136cd12a01d2025-01-24T13:35:02ZengMDPI AGISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information2220-99642025-01-011413010.3390/ijgi14010030Synergy of Remote Sensing and Geospatial Technologies to Advance Sustainable Development Goals for Future Coastal Urbanization and Environmental Challenges in a Riverine MegacityMinza Mumtaz0Syed Humayoun Jahanzaib1Waqar Hussain2Sadia Khan3Youssef M. Youssef4Saleh Qaysi5Abdalla Abdelnabi6Nassir Alarifi7Mahmoud E. Abd-Elmaboud8Department of Civil Engineering, Ziauddin University, Karachi 74700, PakistanDepartment of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, University Road, Karachi 75270, PakistanDepartment of Environmental Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, University Road, Karachi 75270, PakistanDepartment of Environmental Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, University Road, Karachi 75270, PakistanGeological and Geophysical Engineering Department, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez University, Suez 43518, EgyptDepartment of Geology & Geophysics, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Earth & Planetary Sciences, McGill University, Adams Building, 3450 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0E8, CanadaDepartment of Geology & Geophysics, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaIrrigation & Hydraulics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, EgyptRiverine coastal megacities, particularly in semi-arid South Asian regions, face escalating environmental challenges due to rapid urbanization and climate change. While previous studies have examined urban growth patterns or environmental impacts independently, there remains a critical gap in understanding the integrated impacts of land use/land cover (LULC) changes on both ecosystem vulnerability and sustainable development achievements. This study addresses this gap through an innovative integration of multitemporal Landsat imagery (5, 7, and 8), SRTM-DEM, historical land use maps, and population data using the MOLUSCE plugin with cellular automata–artificial neural networks (CA-ANN) modelling to monitor LULC changes over three decades (1990–2020) and project future changes for 2025, 2030, and 2035, supporting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Karachi, southern Pakistan, one of the world’s most populous megacities. The framework integrates LULC analysis with SDG metrics, achieving an overall accuracy greater than 97%, with user and producer accuracies above 77% and a Kappa coefficient approaching 1, demonstrating a high level of agreement. Results revealed significant urban expansion from 13.4% to 23.7% of the total area between 1990 and 2020, with concurrent reductions in vegetation cover, water bodies, and wetlands. Erosion along the riverbank has caused the Malir River’s area to decrease from 17.19 to 5.07 km<sup>2</sup> by 2020, highlighting a key factor contributing to urban flooding during the monsoon season. Flood risk projections indicate that urbanized areas will be most affected, with 66.65% potentially inundated by 2035. This study’s innovative contribution lies in quantifying SDG achievements, showing varied progress: 26% for SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), 18% for SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), 13% for SDG 13 (Climate Action), and 16% for SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth). However, declining vegetation cover and water bodies pose challenges for SDG 15 (Life on Land) and SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), with 16% and 11%, respectively. This integrated approach provides valuable insights for urban planners, offering a novel framework for adaptive urban planning strategies and advancing sustainable practices in similar stressed megacity regions.https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/1/30cellular automata–artificial neural networksLandsatSRTM-DEMland use/land coverurban floodingcoastal megacities |
| spellingShingle | Minza Mumtaz Syed Humayoun Jahanzaib Waqar Hussain Sadia Khan Youssef M. Youssef Saleh Qaysi Abdalla Abdelnabi Nassir Alarifi Mahmoud E. Abd-Elmaboud Synergy of Remote Sensing and Geospatial Technologies to Advance Sustainable Development Goals for Future Coastal Urbanization and Environmental Challenges in a Riverine Megacity ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information cellular automata–artificial neural networks Landsat SRTM-DEM land use/land cover urban flooding coastal megacities |
| title | Synergy of Remote Sensing and Geospatial Technologies to Advance Sustainable Development Goals for Future Coastal Urbanization and Environmental Challenges in a Riverine Megacity |
| title_full | Synergy of Remote Sensing and Geospatial Technologies to Advance Sustainable Development Goals for Future Coastal Urbanization and Environmental Challenges in a Riverine Megacity |
| title_fullStr | Synergy of Remote Sensing and Geospatial Technologies to Advance Sustainable Development Goals for Future Coastal Urbanization and Environmental Challenges in a Riverine Megacity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synergy of Remote Sensing and Geospatial Technologies to Advance Sustainable Development Goals for Future Coastal Urbanization and Environmental Challenges in a Riverine Megacity |
| title_short | Synergy of Remote Sensing and Geospatial Technologies to Advance Sustainable Development Goals for Future Coastal Urbanization and Environmental Challenges in a Riverine Megacity |
| title_sort | synergy of remote sensing and geospatial technologies to advance sustainable development goals for future coastal urbanization and environmental challenges in a riverine megacity |
| topic | cellular automata–artificial neural networks Landsat SRTM-DEM land use/land cover urban flooding coastal megacities |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/1/30 |
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