Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue in lung transplantation: a facilitator of rejection or regulator of tolerance?
The role of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in the regulation of immune responses to transplanted lungs remains an area of interest and controversy. Early studies in a rat pulmonary transplant model suggested BALT may accelerate rejection of grafts by inducing a local and systemic inflamm...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1553533/full |
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| author | Alexander N. Wein Charles R. Liu Daniel Kreisel Daniel Kreisel |
| author_facet | Alexander N. Wein Charles R. Liu Daniel Kreisel Daniel Kreisel |
| author_sort | Alexander N. Wein |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The role of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in the regulation of immune responses to transplanted lungs remains an area of interest and controversy. Early studies in a rat pulmonary transplant model suggested BALT may accelerate rejection of grafts by inducing a local and systemic inflammatory response. Such observations were corroborated in intrapulmonary tracheal transplant models in the rat. While some human studies have described the presence of BALT in grafts that have been chronically rejected, others did not observe an association between induction of BALT and adverse outcomes. More recent investigations have found that BALT, enriched in immunoregulatory cell populations, is induced in tolerant mouse lung allografts, suggesting that such structures may be protective against rejection. Thus, the role of BALT in lung transplantation biology is complex. Insights gained from studies that focus on the role of BALT in lung transplantation may be harnessed to develop new therapies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-44592d5955cf415eab1bce62b01c0615 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-44592d5955cf415eab1bce62b01c06152025-02-05T07:32:40ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-02-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15535331553533Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue in lung transplantation: a facilitator of rejection or regulator of tolerance?Alexander N. Wein0Charles R. Liu1Daniel Kreisel2Daniel Kreisel3Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United StatesDepartment of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United StatesDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United StatesDepartment of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United StatesThe role of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in the regulation of immune responses to transplanted lungs remains an area of interest and controversy. Early studies in a rat pulmonary transplant model suggested BALT may accelerate rejection of grafts by inducing a local and systemic inflammatory response. Such observations were corroborated in intrapulmonary tracheal transplant models in the rat. While some human studies have described the presence of BALT in grafts that have been chronically rejected, others did not observe an association between induction of BALT and adverse outcomes. More recent investigations have found that BALT, enriched in immunoregulatory cell populations, is induced in tolerant mouse lung allografts, suggesting that such structures may be protective against rejection. Thus, the role of BALT in lung transplantation biology is complex. Insights gained from studies that focus on the role of BALT in lung transplantation may be harnessed to develop new therapies.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1553533/fullbronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT)lung transplantationrejectiontoleranceFoxP3+ regulatory T cells |
| spellingShingle | Alexander N. Wein Charles R. Liu Daniel Kreisel Daniel Kreisel Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue in lung transplantation: a facilitator of rejection or regulator of tolerance? Frontiers in Immunology bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) lung transplantation rejection tolerance FoxP3+ regulatory T cells |
| title | Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue in lung transplantation: a facilitator of rejection or regulator of tolerance? |
| title_full | Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue in lung transplantation: a facilitator of rejection or regulator of tolerance? |
| title_fullStr | Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue in lung transplantation: a facilitator of rejection or regulator of tolerance? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue in lung transplantation: a facilitator of rejection or regulator of tolerance? |
| title_short | Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue in lung transplantation: a facilitator of rejection or regulator of tolerance? |
| title_sort | bronchus associated lymphoid tissue in lung transplantation a facilitator of rejection or regulator of tolerance |
| topic | bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) lung transplantation rejection tolerance FoxP3+ regulatory T cells |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1553533/full |
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