The Incidence, Risk Factors, and Hospital Mortality of Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation among Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) is a common complication after cardiac surgery and is considered a risk factor for poor outcomes. However, the incidence and in-hospital mortality of PMV among cardiac surgery patients reported in studies vary widely, and risk fac...

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Main Authors: Qiaoying Wang, Yuanyuan Tao, Xu Zhang, Shurong Xu, Yanchun Peng, Lingyu Lin, Liangwan Chen, Yanjuan Lin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IMR Press 2024-11-01
Series:Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.imrpress.com/journal/RCM/25/11/10.31083/j.rcm2511409
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author Qiaoying Wang
Yuanyuan Tao
Xu Zhang
Shurong Xu
Yanchun Peng
Lingyu Lin
Liangwan Chen
Yanjuan Lin
author_facet Qiaoying Wang
Yuanyuan Tao
Xu Zhang
Shurong Xu
Yanchun Peng
Lingyu Lin
Liangwan Chen
Yanjuan Lin
author_sort Qiaoying Wang
collection DOAJ
description Background: Prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) is a common complication after cardiac surgery and is considered a risk factor for poor outcomes. However, the incidence and in-hospital mortality of PMV among cardiac surgery patients reported in studies vary widely, and risk factors are controversial. Methods: We searched four databases (Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and EMBASE) for English-language articles from inception to October 2023. The odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI), PMV incidence, and in-hospital mortality were extracted. Statistical data analysis was performed using Stata software. We calculated the fixed or random effects model according to the heterogeneity. The quality of each study was appraised by two independent reviewers using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Results: Thirty-two studies were included. The incidence of PMV was 20%. Twenty-one risk factors were pooled, fifteen risk factors were found to be statistically significant (advanced age, being female, ejection fraction <50, body mass index (BMI), BMI >28 kg/m2, New York Heart Association Class ≥Ⅲ, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic renal failure, heart failure, arrhythmia, previous cardiac surgery, higher white blood cell count, creatinine, longer cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time, and CPB >120 min). In addition, PMV was associated with increased in-hospital mortality (OR, 14.13, 95% CI, 12.16–16.41, I2 = 90.3%, p < 0.01). Conclusions: The PMV incidence was 20%, and it was associated with increased in-hospital mortality. Fifteen risk factors were identified. More studies are needed to prevent PMV more effectively according to these risk factors. The PROSPERO Registration: This systematic review and meta-analysis was recorded at PROSPERO (CRD42021273953, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=273953).
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series Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine
spelling doaj-art-4418c76d3d53459d88657b294dba30472025-08-20T02:07:34ZengIMR PressReviews in Cardiovascular Medicine1530-65502024-11-01251140910.31083/j.rcm2511409S1530-6550(24)01525-4The Incidence, Risk Factors, and Hospital Mortality of Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation among Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisQiaoying Wang0Yuanyuan Tao1Xu Zhang2Shurong Xu3Yanchun Peng4Lingyu Lin5Liangwan Chen6Yanjuan Lin7The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, 350005 Fuzhou, Fujian, ChinaDepartment of Nursing, Jingmen Peoples Hospital, 448001 Jingmen, Hubei, ChinaDepartment of Nursing, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, Fujian, ChinaThe School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, 350005 Fuzhou, Fujian, ChinaDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 350001 Fuzhou, Fujian, ChinaDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 350001 Fuzhou, Fujian, ChinaDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 350001 Fuzhou, Fujian, ChinaDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 350001 Fuzhou, Fujian, ChinaBackground: Prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) is a common complication after cardiac surgery and is considered a risk factor for poor outcomes. However, the incidence and in-hospital mortality of PMV among cardiac surgery patients reported in studies vary widely, and risk factors are controversial. Methods: We searched four databases (Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and EMBASE) for English-language articles from inception to October 2023. The odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI), PMV incidence, and in-hospital mortality were extracted. Statistical data analysis was performed using Stata software. We calculated the fixed or random effects model according to the heterogeneity. The quality of each study was appraised by two independent reviewers using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Results: Thirty-two studies were included. The incidence of PMV was 20%. Twenty-one risk factors were pooled, fifteen risk factors were found to be statistically significant (advanced age, being female, ejection fraction <50, body mass index (BMI), BMI >28 kg/m2, New York Heart Association Class ≥Ⅲ, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic renal failure, heart failure, arrhythmia, previous cardiac surgery, higher white blood cell count, creatinine, longer cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time, and CPB >120 min). In addition, PMV was associated with increased in-hospital mortality (OR, 14.13, 95% CI, 12.16–16.41, I2 = 90.3%, p < 0.01). Conclusions: The PMV incidence was 20%, and it was associated with increased in-hospital mortality. Fifteen risk factors were identified. More studies are needed to prevent PMV more effectively according to these risk factors. The PROSPERO Registration: This systematic review and meta-analysis was recorded at PROSPERO (CRD42021273953, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=273953).https://www.imrpress.com/journal/RCM/25/11/10.31083/j.rcm2511409cardiac surgical patientsin-hospital mortalitymeta-analysisprolonged mechanical ventilationrisk factors
spellingShingle Qiaoying Wang
Yuanyuan Tao
Xu Zhang
Shurong Xu
Yanchun Peng
Lingyu Lin
Liangwan Chen
Yanjuan Lin
The Incidence, Risk Factors, and Hospital Mortality of Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation among Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine
cardiac surgical patients
in-hospital mortality
meta-analysis
prolonged mechanical ventilation
risk factors
title The Incidence, Risk Factors, and Hospital Mortality of Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation among Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full The Incidence, Risk Factors, and Hospital Mortality of Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation among Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_fullStr The Incidence, Risk Factors, and Hospital Mortality of Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation among Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full_unstemmed The Incidence, Risk Factors, and Hospital Mortality of Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation among Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_short The Incidence, Risk Factors, and Hospital Mortality of Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation among Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_sort incidence risk factors and hospital mortality of prolonged mechanical ventilation among cardiac surgery patients a systematic review and meta analysis
topic cardiac surgical patients
in-hospital mortality
meta-analysis
prolonged mechanical ventilation
risk factors
url https://www.imrpress.com/journal/RCM/25/11/10.31083/j.rcm2511409
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