Magnetic Excitation for Coupled Pendulum and Piezoelectric Wave Energy Harvester

Wave energy is one of the most reliable and promising renewable energy sources that has attracted lots of attention, including piezoelectric wave energy harvesting devices. One of the challenges for piezoelectric wave power generation is the relatively low-frequency wave environments in the ocean. M...

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Main Authors: Wuwei Feng, Xiang Luo, Shujie Yang, Qingping Zou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Micromachines
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/3/252
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author Wuwei Feng
Xiang Luo
Shujie Yang
Qingping Zou
author_facet Wuwei Feng
Xiang Luo
Shujie Yang
Qingping Zou
author_sort Wuwei Feng
collection DOAJ
description Wave energy is one of the most reliable and promising renewable energy sources that has attracted lots of attention, including piezoelectric wave energy harvesting devices. One of the challenges for piezoelectric wave power generation is the relatively low-frequency wave environments in the ocean. Magnetic excitations are one of the techniques used to overcome this issue. However, there is a lack of understanding of the mechanisms to maximize the electric power output of piezoelectric wave energy harvesters through magnetic excitations. In the present study, magnetic excitation experiments were conducted to investigate the power generation of a coupled spring pendulum piezoelectric energy harvester under various magnetic field conditions. Firstly, the mass of the load magnet that can induce the resonance phenomenon in piezoelectric elements was experimentally determined. Then, the power generation of piezoelectric elements was tested under different excitation magnetic spacings. Finally, the influence of different distribution patterns of excitation magnets on the performance of piezoelectric elements was tested. It was found that under the conditions of a load magnet mass of 2 g, excitation magnet spacing of 4 mm, and two excitation magnets stacked on the inner pendulum, optimum power generation of the piezoelectric wave harvester was achieved with a peak-to-peak output voltage of 39 V. The outcome of this study provides new insight for magnetic excitation devices for piezoelectric wave energy harvesting to increase the feasibility and efficiency of wave energy conversion to electrical energy.
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id doaj-art-43f1e1569dab413a9db6be13a0294e12
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publisher MDPI AG
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spelling doaj-art-43f1e1569dab413a9db6be13a0294e122025-08-20T01:48:57ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2025-02-0116325210.3390/mi16030252Magnetic Excitation for Coupled Pendulum and Piezoelectric Wave Energy HarvesterWuwei Feng0Xiang Luo1Shujie Yang2Qingping Zou3College of Marine Engineering Equipment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316004, ChinaCollege of Marine Engineering Equipment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316004, ChinaCollege of Marine Engineering Equipment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316004, ChinaThe Lyell Centre for Earth and Marine Science and Technology, Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UKWave energy is one of the most reliable and promising renewable energy sources that has attracted lots of attention, including piezoelectric wave energy harvesting devices. One of the challenges for piezoelectric wave power generation is the relatively low-frequency wave environments in the ocean. Magnetic excitations are one of the techniques used to overcome this issue. However, there is a lack of understanding of the mechanisms to maximize the electric power output of piezoelectric wave energy harvesters through magnetic excitations. In the present study, magnetic excitation experiments were conducted to investigate the power generation of a coupled spring pendulum piezoelectric energy harvester under various magnetic field conditions. Firstly, the mass of the load magnet that can induce the resonance phenomenon in piezoelectric elements was experimentally determined. Then, the power generation of piezoelectric elements was tested under different excitation magnetic spacings. Finally, the influence of different distribution patterns of excitation magnets on the performance of piezoelectric elements was tested. It was found that under the conditions of a load magnet mass of 2 g, excitation magnet spacing of 4 mm, and two excitation magnets stacked on the inner pendulum, optimum power generation of the piezoelectric wave harvester was achieved with a peak-to-peak output voltage of 39 V. The outcome of this study provides new insight for magnetic excitation devices for piezoelectric wave energy harvesting to increase the feasibility and efficiency of wave energy conversion to electrical energy.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/3/252wave energypiezoelectric energy harvestingmagnetic excitationspring pendulumPWECpiezoelectric wave energy converter
spellingShingle Wuwei Feng
Xiang Luo
Shujie Yang
Qingping Zou
Magnetic Excitation for Coupled Pendulum and Piezoelectric Wave Energy Harvester
Micromachines
wave energy
piezoelectric energy harvesting
magnetic excitation
spring pendulum
PWEC
piezoelectric wave energy converter
title Magnetic Excitation for Coupled Pendulum and Piezoelectric Wave Energy Harvester
title_full Magnetic Excitation for Coupled Pendulum and Piezoelectric Wave Energy Harvester
title_fullStr Magnetic Excitation for Coupled Pendulum and Piezoelectric Wave Energy Harvester
title_full_unstemmed Magnetic Excitation for Coupled Pendulum and Piezoelectric Wave Energy Harvester
title_short Magnetic Excitation for Coupled Pendulum and Piezoelectric Wave Energy Harvester
title_sort magnetic excitation for coupled pendulum and piezoelectric wave energy harvester
topic wave energy
piezoelectric energy harvesting
magnetic excitation
spring pendulum
PWEC
piezoelectric wave energy converter
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/3/252
work_keys_str_mv AT wuweifeng magneticexcitationforcoupledpendulumandpiezoelectricwaveenergyharvester
AT xiangluo magneticexcitationforcoupledpendulumandpiezoelectricwaveenergyharvester
AT shujieyang magneticexcitationforcoupledpendulumandpiezoelectricwaveenergyharvester
AT qingpingzou magneticexcitationforcoupledpendulumandpiezoelectricwaveenergyharvester