Global burden and trends of the Clostridioides difficile infection-associated diseases from 1990 to 2021: an observational trend study
Background This study was aimed to explore the global burden and trends of Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI) associated diseases.Methods Data for this study were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The burden of CDI was assessed using the age-standardized rates of disabili...
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Taylor & Francis Group
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Annals of Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/07853890.2025.2451762 |
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| author | Jun Xia Tan Liu Rui Wan Jing Zhang Quanzhu Fu |
| author_facet | Jun Xia Tan Liu Rui Wan Jing Zhang Quanzhu Fu |
| author_sort | Jun Xia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background This study was aimed to explore the global burden and trends of Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI) associated diseases.Methods Data for this study were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The burden of CDI was assessed using the age-standardized rates of disability-adjusted life years (ASR-DALYs) and deaths (ASDRs). Trends in the burden of CDI were presented using average annual percentage changes (AAPCs).Results The ASR-DALYs for CDI increased from 1.83 (95% UI: 1.53-2.18) per 100,000 in 1990 to 3.46 (95% UI: 3.04-3.96) per 100,000 in 2021, with an AAPC of 2.03% (95% CI: 1.67-2.4%). The ASDRs for CDI rose from 0.10 (95% UI: 0.08-0.11) per 100,000 in 1990 to 0.19 (95% UI: 0.16-0.23) per 100,000 in 2021, with an AAPC of 2.26% (95% CI: 1.74-2.79%). In 2021, higher burdens of ASR-DALYs (10.7 per 100,000) and ASDRs (0.53 per 100,000) were observed in high socio-demographic index (SDI) areas, and among age group over 70 years (31.62/100,000 for ASR-DALYs and 2.45/100,000 for ASDRs). During the COVID-19 pandemic, the global ASR-DALYs and ASDRs slightly decreased. However, in regions with low SDI, low-middle and middle SDI, those rates slightly increased.Conclusion The global burden of CDI has significantly increased, particularly in regions with high SDI and among individuals aged 70 years and above. During the COVID-19 pandemic period from 2020 to 2021, the burden of CDI further increased in regions with low, low-middle, and middle SDI. These findings underscore the need for increased attention and intervention, especially in specific countries and populations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-43a3184b167e447fa2fd3f143e5c1c54 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0785-3890 1365-2060 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Annals of Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-43a3184b167e447fa2fd3f143e5c1c542025-01-23T16:40:42ZengTaylor & Francis GroupAnnals of Medicine0785-38901365-20602025-12-0157110.1080/07853890.2025.2451762Global burden and trends of the Clostridioides difficile infection-associated diseases from 1990 to 2021: an observational trend studyJun Xia0Tan Liu1Rui Wan2Jing Zhang3Quanzhu Fu4Department of Neurocritical Care, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, ChinaDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, ChinaDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, ChinaDepartment of Neurocritical Care, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, ChinaDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, ChinaBackground This study was aimed to explore the global burden and trends of Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI) associated diseases.Methods Data for this study were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The burden of CDI was assessed using the age-standardized rates of disability-adjusted life years (ASR-DALYs) and deaths (ASDRs). Trends in the burden of CDI were presented using average annual percentage changes (AAPCs).Results The ASR-DALYs for CDI increased from 1.83 (95% UI: 1.53-2.18) per 100,000 in 1990 to 3.46 (95% UI: 3.04-3.96) per 100,000 in 2021, with an AAPC of 2.03% (95% CI: 1.67-2.4%). The ASDRs for CDI rose from 0.10 (95% UI: 0.08-0.11) per 100,000 in 1990 to 0.19 (95% UI: 0.16-0.23) per 100,000 in 2021, with an AAPC of 2.26% (95% CI: 1.74-2.79%). In 2021, higher burdens of ASR-DALYs (10.7 per 100,000) and ASDRs (0.53 per 100,000) were observed in high socio-demographic index (SDI) areas, and among age group over 70 years (31.62/100,000 for ASR-DALYs and 2.45/100,000 for ASDRs). During the COVID-19 pandemic, the global ASR-DALYs and ASDRs slightly decreased. However, in regions with low SDI, low-middle and middle SDI, those rates slightly increased.Conclusion The global burden of CDI has significantly increased, particularly in regions with high SDI and among individuals aged 70 years and above. During the COVID-19 pandemic period from 2020 to 2021, the burden of CDI further increased in regions with low, low-middle, and middle SDI. These findings underscore the need for increased attention and intervention, especially in specific countries and populations.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/07853890.2025.2451762Clostridioides difficile infection-associated diseasesthe global burden of disease studytrendshigh SDI regions |
| spellingShingle | Jun Xia Tan Liu Rui Wan Jing Zhang Quanzhu Fu Global burden and trends of the Clostridioides difficile infection-associated diseases from 1990 to 2021: an observational trend study Annals of Medicine Clostridioides difficile infection-associated diseases the global burden of disease study trends high SDI regions |
| title | Global burden and trends of the Clostridioides difficile infection-associated diseases from 1990 to 2021: an observational trend study |
| title_full | Global burden and trends of the Clostridioides difficile infection-associated diseases from 1990 to 2021: an observational trend study |
| title_fullStr | Global burden and trends of the Clostridioides difficile infection-associated diseases from 1990 to 2021: an observational trend study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Global burden and trends of the Clostridioides difficile infection-associated diseases from 1990 to 2021: an observational trend study |
| title_short | Global burden and trends of the Clostridioides difficile infection-associated diseases from 1990 to 2021: an observational trend study |
| title_sort | global burden and trends of the clostridioides difficile infection associated diseases from 1990 to 2021 an observational trend study |
| topic | Clostridioides difficile infection-associated diseases the global burden of disease study trends high SDI regions |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/07853890.2025.2451762 |
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