Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 in Neonates and Infants Younger Than 3 Months
Background: COVID-19 is a respiratory infection that appeared as a pandemic affecting children and adults in China in 2019. Objectives: To better understand COVID-19 in young children, we evaluated the epidemiological, clinical, and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in neonates and 1-3 months old in...
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Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
2024-10-01
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| Series: | Journal of Pediatrics Review |
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| Online Access: | http://jpr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-693-en.pdf |
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| author | Fatemeh Varshoei Mohammad Sadegh Rezai Roya Farhadi Azin Hajialibeig Saeid Mohammadi Masoud Moradi Fatemeh Hosseinzadeh |
| author_facet | Fatemeh Varshoei Mohammad Sadegh Rezai Roya Farhadi Azin Hajialibeig Saeid Mohammadi Masoud Moradi Fatemeh Hosseinzadeh |
| author_sort | Fatemeh Varshoei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: COVID-19 is a respiratory infection that appeared as a pandemic affecting children and adults in China in 2019.
Objectives: To better understand COVID-19 in young children, we evaluated the epidemiological, clinical, and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in neonates and 1-3 months old infants and compared the differences between the two groups.
Methods: This retrospective analysis included children with a COVID-19 diagnosis admitted to Bouali and Imam Khomeini tertiary hospitals in Sari City, Iran, between March 2019 and March 2022. Demographic data such as age, sex, comorbidity, clinical characteristics and symptoms, medications, and laboratory test results were extracted from the patient’s medical records. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 22, and P<0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: This study evaluated 152 children, including 34 neonates (22.4%) and 118 infants (77.6%), with a median age of 49.5 [interquartile range (IQR): 33-66] days. The frequencies of mild, moderate, and severe/multisystem inflammatory system in children (MIS-C) cases were 96(63.2%), 29(19.1%), and 27(17.8%), respectively (P=0.879). Overall, 90 patients (59.2%) were boys, and 62(40.8%) were girls (P=0.695). COVID-19 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test was positive in 65 children (42.8%) (P=0.022), and 3 (2%) expired. Fever was the most common symptom (75%), followed by cough (56.6%), poor feeding (46.1%), dyspnea (32.9%), and lethargy (32.2%). Twenty-nine patients (19.1%) required intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and 6(3.9%) underwent mechanical ventilation (P=0.463 and P=0.126, respectively). The median duration of hospital stay was 5 days (IQR: 4-7 days). The median duration of antibiotic therapy did not differ among the groups (P=0.786). Sepsis workup was performed in 82.9% of patients, and none had a positive cerebrospinal fluid culture.
Conclusions: Although this study showed a 5% vertical transmission rate, only delivery from a mother with COVID-19 or having a positive COVID-19 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test result without symptoms is not a reason for a sepsis workup. Moreover, in infants under 3 months who are hospitalized due to confirmed COVID-19 and do not have sepsis symptoms, there is no indication of a lumbar puncture (LP) procedure. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-438ebb8391044c1b965b8bd08e78ac4a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2322-4398 2322-4401 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences |
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| series | Journal of Pediatrics Review |
| spelling | doaj-art-438ebb8391044c1b965b8bd08e78ac4a2025-01-25T13:28:52ZengMazandaran University of Medical SciencesJournal of Pediatrics Review2322-43982322-44012024-10-01124385396Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 in Neonates and Infants Younger Than 3 MonthsFatemeh Varshoei0Mohammad Sadegh Rezai1Roya Farhadi2Azin Hajialibeig3Saeid Mohammadi4Masoud Moradi5Fatemeh Hosseinzadeh6 Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Background: COVID-19 is a respiratory infection that appeared as a pandemic affecting children and adults in China in 2019. Objectives: To better understand COVID-19 in young children, we evaluated the epidemiological, clinical, and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in neonates and 1-3 months old infants and compared the differences between the two groups. Methods: This retrospective analysis included children with a COVID-19 diagnosis admitted to Bouali and Imam Khomeini tertiary hospitals in Sari City, Iran, between March 2019 and March 2022. Demographic data such as age, sex, comorbidity, clinical characteristics and symptoms, medications, and laboratory test results were extracted from the patient’s medical records. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 22, and P<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: This study evaluated 152 children, including 34 neonates (22.4%) and 118 infants (77.6%), with a median age of 49.5 [interquartile range (IQR): 33-66] days. The frequencies of mild, moderate, and severe/multisystem inflammatory system in children (MIS-C) cases were 96(63.2%), 29(19.1%), and 27(17.8%), respectively (P=0.879). Overall, 90 patients (59.2%) were boys, and 62(40.8%) were girls (P=0.695). COVID-19 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test was positive in 65 children (42.8%) (P=0.022), and 3 (2%) expired. Fever was the most common symptom (75%), followed by cough (56.6%), poor feeding (46.1%), dyspnea (32.9%), and lethargy (32.2%). Twenty-nine patients (19.1%) required intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and 6(3.9%) underwent mechanical ventilation (P=0.463 and P=0.126, respectively). The median duration of hospital stay was 5 days (IQR: 4-7 days). The median duration of antibiotic therapy did not differ among the groups (P=0.786). Sepsis workup was performed in 82.9% of patients, and none had a positive cerebrospinal fluid culture. Conclusions: Although this study showed a 5% vertical transmission rate, only delivery from a mother with COVID-19 or having a positive COVID-19 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test result without symptoms is not a reason for a sepsis workup. Moreover, in infants under 3 months who are hospitalized due to confirmed COVID-19 and do not have sepsis symptoms, there is no indication of a lumbar puncture (LP) procedure.http://jpr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-693-en.pdfcharacteristiccovid-19multisystem inflammatory system in children (mis-c)neonateinfant |
| spellingShingle | Fatemeh Varshoei Mohammad Sadegh Rezai Roya Farhadi Azin Hajialibeig Saeid Mohammadi Masoud Moradi Fatemeh Hosseinzadeh Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 in Neonates and Infants Younger Than 3 Months Journal of Pediatrics Review characteristic covid-19 multisystem inflammatory system in children (mis-c) neonate infant |
| title | Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 in Neonates and Infants Younger Than 3 Months |
| title_full | Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 in Neonates and Infants Younger Than 3 Months |
| title_fullStr | Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 in Neonates and Infants Younger Than 3 Months |
| title_full_unstemmed | Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 in Neonates and Infants Younger Than 3 Months |
| title_short | Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 in Neonates and Infants Younger Than 3 Months |
| title_sort | clinical characteristics of covid 19 in neonates and infants younger than 3 months |
| topic | characteristic covid-19 multisystem inflammatory system in children (mis-c) neonate infant |
| url | http://jpr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-693-en.pdf |
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