Asymmetries and Circumstellar Interaction in the Type II SN 2024bch
We present a comprehensive multi-epoch photometric and spectroscopic study of SN 2024bch, a nearby (19.9 Mpc) Type II supernova (SN) with prominent early high-ionization emission lines. Optical spectra from 2.8 days after the estimated explosion reveal narrow lines of H i , He ii , C iv , and N ...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Jennifer E. Andrews Manisha Shrestha K. Azalee Bostroem Yize Dong Jeniveve Pearson M. M. Fausnaugh David J. Sand S. Valenti Aravind P. Ravi Emily Hoang Griffin Hosseinzadeh Ilya Ilyin Daryl Janzen M. J. Lundquist Nicolás Meza Nathan Smith Saurabh W. Jha Moira Andrews Joseph Farah Estefania Padilla Gonzalez D. Andrew Howell Curtis McCully Megan Newsome Craig Pellegrino Giacomo Terreran Patrick Wiggins Brian Hsu Collin T. Christy Noah Franz Xiaofeng Wang Jialian Liu Liyang Chen |
| author_facet | Jennifer E. Andrews Manisha Shrestha K. Azalee Bostroem Yize Dong Jeniveve Pearson M. M. Fausnaugh David J. Sand S. Valenti Aravind P. Ravi Emily Hoang Griffin Hosseinzadeh Ilya Ilyin Daryl Janzen M. J. Lundquist Nicolás Meza Nathan Smith Saurabh W. Jha Moira Andrews Joseph Farah Estefania Padilla Gonzalez D. Andrew Howell Curtis McCully Megan Newsome Craig Pellegrino Giacomo Terreran Patrick Wiggins Brian Hsu Collin T. Christy Noah Franz Xiaofeng Wang Jialian Liu Liyang Chen |
| author_sort | Jennifer E. Andrews |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We present a comprehensive multi-epoch photometric and spectroscopic study of SN 2024bch, a nearby (19.9 Mpc) Type II supernova (SN) with prominent early high-ionization emission lines. Optical spectra from 2.8 days after the estimated explosion reveal narrow lines of H i , He ii , C iv , and N iv that disappear by day 6. High-cadence photometry from the ground and Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite show that the SN brightened quickly and reached a peak M _V ~ −17.8 mag within a week of explosion, and late-time photometry suggests a ^56 Ni mass of 0.050 M _⊙ . High-resolution spectra from days 7.9 and 43 trace the unshocked circumstellar medium (CSM) and indicate a wind velocity of 30–40 km s ^−1 , a value consistent with a red supergiant (RSG) progenitor. Comparisons between models and the early spectra suggest a pre-SN mass-loss rate of $\dot{M}\,\unicode{x0007E}\,1{0}^{-3}\unicode{8210}1{0}^{-2}\,{M}_{\odot }\,{\mathrm{yr}}^{-1}$ , which is too high to be explained by quiescent mass loss from RSGs, but is consistent with some recent measurements of similar SNe. Persistent blueshifted H i and [O i ] emission lines seen in the optical and near-IR spectra could be produced by asymmetries in the SN ejecta, while the multicomponent H α may indicate continued interaction with an asymmetric CSM well into the nebular phase. SN 2024bch provides another clue to the complex environments and mass-loss histories around massive stars. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-432ee664988849f0840c5f50617a3f95 |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-432ee664988849f0840c5f50617a3f952025-02-03T10:31:52ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-0198013710.3847/1538-4357/ada555Asymmetries and Circumstellar Interaction in the Type II SN 2024bchJennifer E. Andrews0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0123-0062Manisha Shrestha1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4022-1874K. Azalee Bostroem2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4924-444XYize Dong3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7937-6371Jeniveve Pearson4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0744-0047M. M. Fausnaugh5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9113-7162David J. Sand6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4102-380XS. Valenti7https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8818-0795Aravind P. Ravi8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7352-7845Emily Hoang9https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2744-4755Griffin Hosseinzadeh10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0832-2974Ilya Ilyin11https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0551-046XDaryl Janzen12https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0549-3281M. J. Lundquist13https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9589-3793Nicolás Meza14https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7015-3446Nathan Smith15https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5510-2424Saurabh W. Jha16https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8738-6011Moira Andrews17https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1895-6639Joseph Farah18https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4914-5625Estefania Padilla Gonzalez19https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0209-9246D. Andrew Howell20https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4253-656XCurtis McCully21https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5807-7893Megan Newsome22https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9570-0584Craig Pellegrino23https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7472-1279Giacomo Terreran24https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0794-5982Patrick Wiggins25Brian Hsu26https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9454-1742Collin T. Christy27https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0528-202XNoah Franz28https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4537-3575Xiaofeng Wang29https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7334-2357Jialian Liu30https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0314-6273Liyang Chen31https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9946-1477Gemini Observatory/NSF’s NOIRLab , 670 N. A’ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA ; jennifer.andrews@noirlab.eduSteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USASteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USACenter for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138-1516, USASteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USADepartment of Physics & Astronomy, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, TX 79410-1051, USASteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Davis , 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Davis , 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Davis , 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USADepartment of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0424, La Jolla, CA 92093-0424, USALeibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP) , An der Sternwarte 16, D-14482 Potsdam, GermanyDepartment of Physics & Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan , 116 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, CanadaW.M. Keck Observatory , 65-1120 Mamalahoa Highway, Kamuela, HI 96743, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Davis , 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USASteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey , 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019, USALas Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USALas Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USALas Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USALas Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USALas Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USALas Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USALas Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USALas Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USADepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090, USASteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USASteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USASteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USAPhysics Department, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of ChinaPhysics Department, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of ChinaPhysics Department, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of ChinaWe present a comprehensive multi-epoch photometric and spectroscopic study of SN 2024bch, a nearby (19.9 Mpc) Type II supernova (SN) with prominent early high-ionization emission lines. Optical spectra from 2.8 days after the estimated explosion reveal narrow lines of H i , He ii , C iv , and N iv that disappear by day 6. High-cadence photometry from the ground and Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite show that the SN brightened quickly and reached a peak M _V ~ −17.8 mag within a week of explosion, and late-time photometry suggests a ^56 Ni mass of 0.050 M _⊙ . High-resolution spectra from days 7.9 and 43 trace the unshocked circumstellar medium (CSM) and indicate a wind velocity of 30–40 km s ^−1 , a value consistent with a red supergiant (RSG) progenitor. Comparisons between models and the early spectra suggest a pre-SN mass-loss rate of $\dot{M}\,\unicode{x0007E}\,1{0}^{-3}\unicode{8210}1{0}^{-2}\,{M}_{\odot }\,{\mathrm{yr}}^{-1}$ , which is too high to be explained by quiescent mass loss from RSGs, but is consistent with some recent measurements of similar SNe. Persistent blueshifted H i and [O i ] emission lines seen in the optical and near-IR spectra could be produced by asymmetries in the SN ejecta, while the multicomponent H α may indicate continued interaction with an asymmetric CSM well into the nebular phase. SN 2024bch provides another clue to the complex environments and mass-loss histories around massive stars.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada555Core-collapse supernovaeType II supernovaeStellar mass lossRed supergiant starsCircumstellar matter |
| spellingShingle | Jennifer E. Andrews Manisha Shrestha K. Azalee Bostroem Yize Dong Jeniveve Pearson M. M. Fausnaugh David J. Sand S. Valenti Aravind P. Ravi Emily Hoang Griffin Hosseinzadeh Ilya Ilyin Daryl Janzen M. J. Lundquist Nicolás Meza Nathan Smith Saurabh W. Jha Moira Andrews Joseph Farah Estefania Padilla Gonzalez D. Andrew Howell Curtis McCully Megan Newsome Craig Pellegrino Giacomo Terreran Patrick Wiggins Brian Hsu Collin T. Christy Noah Franz Xiaofeng Wang Jialian Liu Liyang Chen Asymmetries and Circumstellar Interaction in the Type II SN 2024bch The Astrophysical Journal Core-collapse supernovae Type II supernovae Stellar mass loss Red supergiant stars Circumstellar matter |
| title | Asymmetries and Circumstellar Interaction in the Type II SN 2024bch |
| title_full | Asymmetries and Circumstellar Interaction in the Type II SN 2024bch |
| title_fullStr | Asymmetries and Circumstellar Interaction in the Type II SN 2024bch |
| title_full_unstemmed | Asymmetries and Circumstellar Interaction in the Type II SN 2024bch |
| title_short | Asymmetries and Circumstellar Interaction in the Type II SN 2024bch |
| title_sort | asymmetries and circumstellar interaction in the type ii sn 2024bch |
| topic | Core-collapse supernovae Type II supernovae Stellar mass loss Red supergiant stars Circumstellar matter |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada555 |
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