A Quantum Probability Approach to Improving Human–AI Decision Making

Artificial intelligence is set to incorporate additional decision space that has traditionally been the purview of humans. However, AI systems that support decision making also entail the rationalization of AI outputs by humans. Yet, incongruencies between AI and human rationalization processes may...

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Main Authors: Scott Humr, Mustafa Canan, Mustafa Demir
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Entropy
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/2/152
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author Scott Humr
Mustafa Canan
Mustafa Demir
author_facet Scott Humr
Mustafa Canan
Mustafa Demir
author_sort Scott Humr
collection DOAJ
description Artificial intelligence is set to incorporate additional decision space that has traditionally been the purview of humans. However, AI systems that support decision making also entail the rationalization of AI outputs by humans. Yet, incongruencies between AI and human rationalization processes may introduce uncertainties in human decision making, which require new conceptualizations to improve the predictability of these interactions. The application of quantum probability theory (QPT) to human cognition is on the ascent and warrants potential consideration to human–AI decision making to improve these outcomes. This perspective paper explores how QPT may be applied to human–AI interactions and contributes by integrating these concepts into human-in-the-loop decision making. To capture this and offer a more comprehensive conceptualization, we use human-in-the-loop constructs to explicate how recent applications of QPT can ameliorate the models of interaction by providing a novel way to capture these behaviors. Followed by a summary of the challenges posed by human-in-the-loop systems, we discuss newer theories that advance models of the cognitive system by using quantum probability formalisms. We conclude by outlining areas of promising future research in human–AI decision making in which the proposed methods may apply.
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spelling doaj-art-4325a956d09f46e4b8bcc47f3fdc5d242025-08-20T03:12:18ZengMDPI AGEntropy1099-43002025-02-0127215210.3390/e27020152A Quantum Probability Approach to Improving Human–AI Decision MakingScott Humr0Mustafa Canan1Mustafa Demir2Department of Information Sciences, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943, USADepartment of Information Sciences, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943, USAApplied Cognitive Ergonomics Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USAArtificial intelligence is set to incorporate additional decision space that has traditionally been the purview of humans. However, AI systems that support decision making also entail the rationalization of AI outputs by humans. Yet, incongruencies between AI and human rationalization processes may introduce uncertainties in human decision making, which require new conceptualizations to improve the predictability of these interactions. The application of quantum probability theory (QPT) to human cognition is on the ascent and warrants potential consideration to human–AI decision making to improve these outcomes. This perspective paper explores how QPT may be applied to human–AI interactions and contributes by integrating these concepts into human-in-the-loop decision making. To capture this and offer a more comprehensive conceptualization, we use human-in-the-loop constructs to explicate how recent applications of QPT can ameliorate the models of interaction by providing a novel way to capture these behaviors. Followed by a summary of the challenges posed by human-in-the-loop systems, we discuss newer theories that advance models of the cognitive system by using quantum probability formalisms. We conclude by outlining areas of promising future research in human–AI decision making in which the proposed methods may apply.https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/2/152artificial intelligencedecision makingquantum decision theoryhuman-in-the-loopgenerative AI
spellingShingle Scott Humr
Mustafa Canan
Mustafa Demir
A Quantum Probability Approach to Improving Human–AI Decision Making
Entropy
artificial intelligence
decision making
quantum decision theory
human-in-the-loop
generative AI
title A Quantum Probability Approach to Improving Human–AI Decision Making
title_full A Quantum Probability Approach to Improving Human–AI Decision Making
title_fullStr A Quantum Probability Approach to Improving Human–AI Decision Making
title_full_unstemmed A Quantum Probability Approach to Improving Human–AI Decision Making
title_short A Quantum Probability Approach to Improving Human–AI Decision Making
title_sort quantum probability approach to improving human ai decision making
topic artificial intelligence
decision making
quantum decision theory
human-in-the-loop
generative AI
url https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/2/152
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