Simplified Target Strength Analysis Procedure of an Underwater Vehicle Considering Target Strength Absorbing Materials
Target strength (TS) is an important design factor for improving the survivability of an underwater vehicle, and various efforts are ongoing to enhance it. Among the design techniques to improve TS, absorbing materials attached to the surface of an underwater vehicle can play a key role by reducing...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/1/62 |
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| author | Jangwoo Kim Jaeman Kim Joo-Yeob Lee Dae-Seung Cho Sung-Ju Park Kyungjun Song Yun-ho Shin Kookhyun Kim |
| author_facet | Jangwoo Kim Jaeman Kim Joo-Yeob Lee Dae-Seung Cho Sung-Ju Park Kyungjun Song Yun-ho Shin Kookhyun Kim |
| author_sort | Jangwoo Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Target strength (TS) is an important design factor for improving the survivability of an underwater vehicle, and various efforts are ongoing to enhance it. Among the design techniques to improve TS, absorbing materials attached to the surface of an underwater vehicle can play a key role by reducing the reflected and scattered acoustic waves. In this study, the acoustic performance of target strength absorbing materials (TSAMs) is first analyzed, and then the simplified procedure of TS analysis considering TSAMs is suggested. The 4-microphone method and transfer matrix method evaluating equivalent material properties of TSAMs are derived, and their effectiveness is cross-validated through a series of analyses for a multi-layer acoustic absorbing structure. From the observed results, it is concluded that the transfer matrix method is more suitable for practical TS analysis than the 4-microphone method because of the relatively low calculation and time costs required for the acoustic performance evaluations of TSAMs. In addition, a simplified TS analysis procedure considering the echo reduction (ER) and transmission loss (TL) is proposed based on the combining method of physical optics and geometric optics (PO/GO combined method) and equivalent material properties. Using the suggested procedure, a series of TS analyses are performed using the Benchmark Target Strength Simulation (BeTSSi) to validate its applicability and effectiveness. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-42c57241d907454fbf25e680bfefeb7f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2077-1312 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-42c57241d907454fbf25e680bfefeb7f2025-01-24T13:36:43ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122025-01-011316210.3390/jmse13010062Simplified Target Strength Analysis Procedure of an Underwater Vehicle Considering Target Strength Absorbing MaterialsJangwoo Kim0Jaeman Kim1Joo-Yeob Lee2Dae-Seung Cho3Sung-Ju Park4Kyungjun Song5Yun-ho Shin6Kookhyun Kim7Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaGlobal Core Research Center for Ships and Offshore Plants (GCRC-SOP), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaSchool of Electrical & Control Engineering, Tongmyong University, Busan 48520, Republic of KoreaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaOpen Grid Laboratory, Busan 48520, Republic of KoreaTarget strength (TS) is an important design factor for improving the survivability of an underwater vehicle, and various efforts are ongoing to enhance it. Among the design techniques to improve TS, absorbing materials attached to the surface of an underwater vehicle can play a key role by reducing the reflected and scattered acoustic waves. In this study, the acoustic performance of target strength absorbing materials (TSAMs) is first analyzed, and then the simplified procedure of TS analysis considering TSAMs is suggested. The 4-microphone method and transfer matrix method evaluating equivalent material properties of TSAMs are derived, and their effectiveness is cross-validated through a series of analyses for a multi-layer acoustic absorbing structure. From the observed results, it is concluded that the transfer matrix method is more suitable for practical TS analysis than the 4-microphone method because of the relatively low calculation and time costs required for the acoustic performance evaluations of TSAMs. In addition, a simplified TS analysis procedure considering the echo reduction (ER) and transmission loss (TL) is proposed based on the combining method of physical optics and geometric optics (PO/GO combined method) and equivalent material properties. Using the suggested procedure, a series of TS analyses are performed using the Benchmark Target Strength Simulation (BeTSSi) to validate its applicability and effectiveness.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/1/62underwater vehicletarget strength (TS)target strength absorbing material (TSAM)echo reduction (ER)transmission loss (TL) |
| spellingShingle | Jangwoo Kim Jaeman Kim Joo-Yeob Lee Dae-Seung Cho Sung-Ju Park Kyungjun Song Yun-ho Shin Kookhyun Kim Simplified Target Strength Analysis Procedure of an Underwater Vehicle Considering Target Strength Absorbing Materials Journal of Marine Science and Engineering underwater vehicle target strength (TS) target strength absorbing material (TSAM) echo reduction (ER) transmission loss (TL) |
| title | Simplified Target Strength Analysis Procedure of an Underwater Vehicle Considering Target Strength Absorbing Materials |
| title_full | Simplified Target Strength Analysis Procedure of an Underwater Vehicle Considering Target Strength Absorbing Materials |
| title_fullStr | Simplified Target Strength Analysis Procedure of an Underwater Vehicle Considering Target Strength Absorbing Materials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Simplified Target Strength Analysis Procedure of an Underwater Vehicle Considering Target Strength Absorbing Materials |
| title_short | Simplified Target Strength Analysis Procedure of an Underwater Vehicle Considering Target Strength Absorbing Materials |
| title_sort | simplified target strength analysis procedure of an underwater vehicle considering target strength absorbing materials |
| topic | underwater vehicle target strength (TS) target strength absorbing material (TSAM) echo reduction (ER) transmission loss (TL) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/1/62 |
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