Effects of Green–Gray–Blue Infrastructure Adjustments on Urban Drainage Performance: Time Lag and H–Q Curve Regulation

With the increasing frequency of extreme rainfall events, enhancing urban drainage systems’ regulation capacity is crucial for mitigating urban flooding. Existing studies primarily analyze infrastructure impacts on peak flow delay but often lack a systematic exploration of time-lag mechanisms. This...

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Main Authors: Yang Yu, Yi Yao, Chentao Li, Dayang Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Land
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/2/419
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author Yang Yu
Yi Yao
Chentao Li
Dayang Li
author_facet Yang Yu
Yi Yao
Chentao Li
Dayang Li
author_sort Yang Yu
collection DOAJ
description With the increasing frequency of extreme rainfall events, enhancing urban drainage systems’ regulation capacity is crucial for mitigating urban flooding. Existing studies primarily analyze infrastructure impacts on peak flow delay but often lack a systematic exploration of time-lag mechanisms. This study introduces the time-lag parameter, using the hysteresis curve of the water level–flow rate relationship to quantify drainage system dynamics. An SWMM-based drainage model was developed for the Rongdong area of Xiong’an New District to evaluate the independent roles of green, gray, and blue infrastructures in peak flow reduction and time-lag modulation. The results indicate that green infrastructure extends the horizontal width and reduces the vertical height of the hysteresis curve, prolonging time lag and making it effective for small-to-medium rainfall. Gray infrastructure enhances drainage efficiency by compressing the hysteresis curve horizontally and increasing its vertical height, facilitating rapid drainage but offering limited peak reduction. Blue infrastructure, by lowering outlet water levels, improves drainage capacity and reduces time lag, demonstrating adaptability across various rainfall scenarios. This study systematically quantifies the role of each infrastructure type in time-lag regulation and proposes a collaborative optimization strategy for urban drainage system design.
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spelling doaj-art-4253c2e598f64595a1b622d22a867bd62025-08-20T02:03:28ZengMDPI AGLand2073-445X2025-02-0114241910.3390/land14020419Effects of Green–Gray–Blue Infrastructure Adjustments on Urban Drainage Performance: Time Lag and H–Q Curve RegulationYang Yu0Yi Yao1Chentao Li2Dayang Li3School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaThe National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, ChinaThe National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, ChinaWith the increasing frequency of extreme rainfall events, enhancing urban drainage systems’ regulation capacity is crucial for mitigating urban flooding. Existing studies primarily analyze infrastructure impacts on peak flow delay but often lack a systematic exploration of time-lag mechanisms. This study introduces the time-lag parameter, using the hysteresis curve of the water level–flow rate relationship to quantify drainage system dynamics. An SWMM-based drainage model was developed for the Rongdong area of Xiong’an New District to evaluate the independent roles of green, gray, and blue infrastructures in peak flow reduction and time-lag modulation. The results indicate that green infrastructure extends the horizontal width and reduces the vertical height of the hysteresis curve, prolonging time lag and making it effective for small-to-medium rainfall. Gray infrastructure enhances drainage efficiency by compressing the hysteresis curve horizontally and increasing its vertical height, facilitating rapid drainage but offering limited peak reduction. Blue infrastructure, by lowering outlet water levels, improves drainage capacity and reduces time lag, demonstrating adaptability across various rainfall scenarios. This study systematically quantifies the role of each infrastructure type in time-lag regulation and proposes a collaborative optimization strategy for urban drainage system design.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/2/419urban drainage systemhysteresis curvetime-lag effectinfrastructure optimization
spellingShingle Yang Yu
Yi Yao
Chentao Li
Dayang Li
Effects of Green–Gray–Blue Infrastructure Adjustments on Urban Drainage Performance: Time Lag and H–Q Curve Regulation
Land
urban drainage system
hysteresis curve
time-lag effect
infrastructure optimization
title Effects of Green–Gray–Blue Infrastructure Adjustments on Urban Drainage Performance: Time Lag and H–Q Curve Regulation
title_full Effects of Green–Gray–Blue Infrastructure Adjustments on Urban Drainage Performance: Time Lag and H–Q Curve Regulation
title_fullStr Effects of Green–Gray–Blue Infrastructure Adjustments on Urban Drainage Performance: Time Lag and H–Q Curve Regulation
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Green–Gray–Blue Infrastructure Adjustments on Urban Drainage Performance: Time Lag and H–Q Curve Regulation
title_short Effects of Green–Gray–Blue Infrastructure Adjustments on Urban Drainage Performance: Time Lag and H–Q Curve Regulation
title_sort effects of green gray blue infrastructure adjustments on urban drainage performance time lag and h q curve regulation
topic urban drainage system
hysteresis curve
time-lag effect
infrastructure optimization
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/2/419
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AT yiyao effectsofgreengrayblueinfrastructureadjustmentsonurbandrainageperformancetimelagandhqcurveregulation
AT chentaoli effectsofgreengrayblueinfrastructureadjustmentsonurbandrainageperformancetimelagandhqcurveregulation
AT dayangli effectsofgreengrayblueinfrastructureadjustmentsonurbandrainageperformancetimelagandhqcurveregulation