Antimony recovery from recycled terminals of lead-acid batteries with Na2CO3 and SiC after firstly SsB2O3 formation
Terminals obtained from spent lead-acid batteries in Mexico contain around 2 wt% Sb. The terminals were melted in an electric furnace and then oxygen was injected at 750 °C with a gas flow rate of 2 L/min to produce high purity Sb2O3. The antimony trioxide obtained was treated with a mixture of Na2C...
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University of Belgrade, Technical Faculty, Bor
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Mining and Metallurgy. Section B: Metallurgy |
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| Online Access: | http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/1450-5339/2022/1450-53392100052J.pdf |
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| author | Jiménez-Lugos J.C. Sánchez-Alvarado R.G. Cruz-Ramírez A. Romero-Serrano J.A. Hernández-Ramírez A. Rivera-Salinas J.E. |
| author_facet | Jiménez-Lugos J.C. Sánchez-Alvarado R.G. Cruz-Ramírez A. Romero-Serrano J.A. Hernández-Ramírez A. Rivera-Salinas J.E. |
| author_sort | Jiménez-Lugos J.C. |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Terminals obtained from spent lead-acid batteries in Mexico contain around 2 wt% Sb. The terminals were melted in an electric furnace and then oxygen was injected at 750 °C with a gas flow rate of 2 L/min to produce high purity Sb2O3. The antimony trioxide obtained was treated with a mixture of Na2CO3-SiC at 1000 °C to obtain metallic antimony. The antimony trioxide was reduced by C present in reagents while silicon and sodium formed a slag phase. The amounts of Sb2O3 and SiC were held constant while the Na2CO3 was evaluated in the range from 30 to 42 wt%. The produced antimony and slag were characterized by the X-ray diffraction and SEM-EDS techniques. The addition of 34 wt% Na2CO3 led to the recovery of antimony up to 90.16 wt% (99.57 wt% purity) and the lowest antimony losses in the slag (2 wt%). In addition, the compounds Na2SiO3 and Na2Si2O5 formed in the slag indicated a more stable slag. Na2CO3 contents higher than 38 wt% decreased the antimony recovery since Na2Sb4O7 compound was promoted in the slag. The oxidation and reduction process was modeled in FactSage 7.3 software for a better understanding of the Na2CO3 and SiC additions on the antimony recovery rates and compounds formed in the slag. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-41d610523fea48ee883ceae7720cfe72 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1450-5339 2217-7175 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | University of Belgrade, Technical Faculty, Bor |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Mining and Metallurgy. Section B: Metallurgy |
| spelling | doaj-art-41d610523fea48ee883ceae7720cfe722025-02-02T10:00:15ZengUniversity of Belgrade, Technical Faculty, BorJournal of Mining and Metallurgy. Section B: Metallurgy1450-53392217-71752022-01-015819710810.2298/JMMB210616052J1450-53392100052JAntimony recovery from recycled terminals of lead-acid batteries with Na2CO3 and SiC after firstly SsB2O3 formationJiménez-Lugos J.C.0Sánchez-Alvarado R.G.1Cruz-Ramírez A.2Romero-Serrano J.A.3Hernández-Ramírez A.4Rivera-Salinas J.E.5Instituto Politécnico Nacional - ESIQIE, Departamento de Ingeniería en Metalurgia y Materiales, Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Politécnico Nacional - ESIQIE, Departamento de Ingeniería en Metalurgia y Materiales, Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Politécnico Nacional - ESIQIE, Departamento de Ingeniería en Metalurgia y Materiales, Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Politécnico Nacional - ESIQIE, Departamento de Ingeniería en Metalurgia y Materiales, Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Politécnico Nacional - ESIQIE, Departamento de Ingeniería en Metalurgia y Materiales, Ciudad de México, MéxicoCentro de Investigación en Química Aplicada - CIQA, Department of Plastics Transformation Processing, Saltillo, Coahuila, MéxicoTerminals obtained from spent lead-acid batteries in Mexico contain around 2 wt% Sb. The terminals were melted in an electric furnace and then oxygen was injected at 750 °C with a gas flow rate of 2 L/min to produce high purity Sb2O3. The antimony trioxide obtained was treated with a mixture of Na2CO3-SiC at 1000 °C to obtain metallic antimony. The antimony trioxide was reduced by C present in reagents while silicon and sodium formed a slag phase. The amounts of Sb2O3 and SiC were held constant while the Na2CO3 was evaluated in the range from 30 to 42 wt%. The produced antimony and slag were characterized by the X-ray diffraction and SEM-EDS techniques. The addition of 34 wt% Na2CO3 led to the recovery of antimony up to 90.16 wt% (99.57 wt% purity) and the lowest antimony losses in the slag (2 wt%). In addition, the compounds Na2SiO3 and Na2Si2O5 formed in the slag indicated a more stable slag. Na2CO3 contents higher than 38 wt% decreased the antimony recovery since Na2Sb4O7 compound was promoted in the slag. The oxidation and reduction process was modeled in FactSage 7.3 software for a better understanding of the Na2CO3 and SiC additions on the antimony recovery rates and compounds formed in the slag.http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/1450-5339/2022/1450-53392100052J.pdfantimonyreductionslagbatteriesthermodynamic |
| spellingShingle | Jiménez-Lugos J.C. Sánchez-Alvarado R.G. Cruz-Ramírez A. Romero-Serrano J.A. Hernández-Ramírez A. Rivera-Salinas J.E. Antimony recovery from recycled terminals of lead-acid batteries with Na2CO3 and SiC after firstly SsB2O3 formation Journal of Mining and Metallurgy. Section B: Metallurgy antimony reduction slag batteries thermodynamic |
| title | Antimony recovery from recycled terminals of lead-acid batteries with Na2CO3 and SiC after firstly SsB2O3 formation |
| title_full | Antimony recovery from recycled terminals of lead-acid batteries with Na2CO3 and SiC after firstly SsB2O3 formation |
| title_fullStr | Antimony recovery from recycled terminals of lead-acid batteries with Na2CO3 and SiC after firstly SsB2O3 formation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antimony recovery from recycled terminals of lead-acid batteries with Na2CO3 and SiC after firstly SsB2O3 formation |
| title_short | Antimony recovery from recycled terminals of lead-acid batteries with Na2CO3 and SiC after firstly SsB2O3 formation |
| title_sort | antimony recovery from recycled terminals of lead acid batteries with na2co3 and sic after firstly ssb2o3 formation |
| topic | antimony reduction slag batteries thermodynamic |
| url | http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/1450-5339/2022/1450-53392100052J.pdf |
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