Role of Advanced Glycation End Products in Mediating Glycated Haemoglobin and Pulse Wave Velocity in Healthy Adults
<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Poor metabolic control is associated with increased levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which in turn may lead to increased arterial stiffness. The aim of this study was to estimate the association between glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and a...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/1/137 |
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| author | Irene Martínez-García Alicia Saz-Lara Carlos Pascual-Morena Ana Díez-Fernández Sara Valladolid-Ayllón Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni Óscar Martínez-Cifuentes Eva Rodríguez-Gutiérrez Iván Cavero-Redondo |
| author_facet | Irene Martínez-García Alicia Saz-Lara Carlos Pascual-Morena Ana Díez-Fernández Sara Valladolid-Ayllón Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni Óscar Martínez-Cifuentes Eva Rodríguez-Gutiérrez Iván Cavero-Redondo |
| author_sort | Irene Martínez-García |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background/Objectives</b>: Poor metabolic control is associated with increased levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which in turn may lead to increased arterial stiffness. The aim of this study was to estimate the association between glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and aortic pulse wave velocity (a-PWV) in healthy subjects and to analyse the mediating effect of AGEs measured by skin autofluorescence (SAF) on this association. <b>Methods</b>: HbA1c, a-PWV and SAF were analysed in 390 healthy Spanish subjects from the EVasCu study (42.02 ± 13.14 years, 63.08% females). A directed acyclic graph (DAG) was generated to define the covariates to be included, and the model was confirmed via multiple linear regression analysis. Descriptive and exploratory analyses were performed to investigate the associations between variables. Finally, adjusted and unadjusted mediation analyses were performed to verify the influence of SAF on the main association between HbA1c and a-PWV. <b>Results</b>: Multiple linear regression analyses for a-PWV supported the validity of the structure in the DAG. Descriptive and exploratory analyses revealed that when the models were adjusted to include all covariates, the statistical significance of the main association disappeared. Mediation analysis revealed that SAF mediated 35.77% of the effect of HbA1c on a-PWV in the unadjusted model and 42.18% after adjusting for covariates. <b>Conclusions</b>: Our study suggests that increases in HbA1c levels are associated with increases in a-PWV and that this relationship is mediated by the SAF score in healthy adults. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4198f029f7e04c2aac5bef539bf0bdf4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj-art-4198f029f7e04c2aac5bef539bf0bdf42025-01-24T13:24:08ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592025-01-0113113710.3390/biomedicines13010137Role of Advanced Glycation End Products in Mediating Glycated Haemoglobin and Pulse Wave Velocity in Healthy AdultsIrene Martínez-García0Alicia Saz-Lara1Carlos Pascual-Morena2Ana Díez-Fernández3Sara Valladolid-Ayllón4Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni5Óscar Martínez-Cifuentes6Eva Rodríguez-Gutiérrez7Iván Cavero-Redondo8CarVasCare Research Group, Facultad de Enfermería de Cuenca, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, SpainCarVasCare Research Group, Facultad de Enfermería de Cuenca, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, SpainHealth and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, SpainHealth and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, SpainCarVasCare Research Group, Facultad de Enfermería de Cuenca, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, SpainHealth and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, SpainCarVasCare Research Group, Facultad de Enfermería de Cuenca, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, SpainHealth and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, SpainCarVasCare Research Group, Facultad de Enfermería de Cuenca, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Poor metabolic control is associated with increased levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which in turn may lead to increased arterial stiffness. The aim of this study was to estimate the association between glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and aortic pulse wave velocity (a-PWV) in healthy subjects and to analyse the mediating effect of AGEs measured by skin autofluorescence (SAF) on this association. <b>Methods</b>: HbA1c, a-PWV and SAF were analysed in 390 healthy Spanish subjects from the EVasCu study (42.02 ± 13.14 years, 63.08% females). A directed acyclic graph (DAG) was generated to define the covariates to be included, and the model was confirmed via multiple linear regression analysis. Descriptive and exploratory analyses were performed to investigate the associations between variables. Finally, adjusted and unadjusted mediation analyses were performed to verify the influence of SAF on the main association between HbA1c and a-PWV. <b>Results</b>: Multiple linear regression analyses for a-PWV supported the validity of the structure in the DAG. Descriptive and exploratory analyses revealed that when the models were adjusted to include all covariates, the statistical significance of the main association disappeared. Mediation analysis revealed that SAF mediated 35.77% of the effect of HbA1c on a-PWV in the unadjusted model and 42.18% after adjusting for covariates. <b>Conclusions</b>: Our study suggests that increases in HbA1c levels are associated with increases in a-PWV and that this relationship is mediated by the SAF score in healthy adults.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/1/137advanced glycation end productsskin autofluorescenceglycated haemoglobinpulse wave velocityarterial stiffnesshealthy adults |
| spellingShingle | Irene Martínez-García Alicia Saz-Lara Carlos Pascual-Morena Ana Díez-Fernández Sara Valladolid-Ayllón Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni Óscar Martínez-Cifuentes Eva Rodríguez-Gutiérrez Iván Cavero-Redondo Role of Advanced Glycation End Products in Mediating Glycated Haemoglobin and Pulse Wave Velocity in Healthy Adults Biomedicines advanced glycation end products skin autofluorescence glycated haemoglobin pulse wave velocity arterial stiffness healthy adults |
| title | Role of Advanced Glycation End Products in Mediating Glycated Haemoglobin and Pulse Wave Velocity in Healthy Adults |
| title_full | Role of Advanced Glycation End Products in Mediating Glycated Haemoglobin and Pulse Wave Velocity in Healthy Adults |
| title_fullStr | Role of Advanced Glycation End Products in Mediating Glycated Haemoglobin and Pulse Wave Velocity in Healthy Adults |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of Advanced Glycation End Products in Mediating Glycated Haemoglobin and Pulse Wave Velocity in Healthy Adults |
| title_short | Role of Advanced Glycation End Products in Mediating Glycated Haemoglobin and Pulse Wave Velocity in Healthy Adults |
| title_sort | role of advanced glycation end products in mediating glycated haemoglobin and pulse wave velocity in healthy adults |
| topic | advanced glycation end products skin autofluorescence glycated haemoglobin pulse wave velocity arterial stiffness healthy adults |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/1/137 |
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