Pharmacoeconomics and Utilisation of Antidiabetic Medications among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Longitudinal Study
Introduction: Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) typically require long-term treatment with antidiabetic medications, resulting in a significant financial burden on both the individual and the global economy. Aim: To assess the patterns of drug utilisation and the economic aspects of ant...
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JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
2025-01-01
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| author | Bikash Chandra Das P Ansuman Abhisek Deepak Choudhury Suvendu Kumar Panda Jayanti Prava Behera Supriya Pradhan Trupti Rekha Swain Sasmita Mallick |
| author_facet | Bikash Chandra Das P Ansuman Abhisek Deepak Choudhury Suvendu Kumar Panda Jayanti Prava Behera Supriya Pradhan Trupti Rekha Swain Sasmita Mallick |
| author_sort | Bikash Chandra Das |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) typically require long-term treatment with antidiabetic medications, resulting in a significant financial burden on both the individual and the global economy.
Aim: To assess the patterns of drug utilisation and the economic aspects of antidiabetic medications in individuals with diabetes mellitus.
Materials and Methods: The current study was a hospital-based longitudinal study conducted between October 2017 and September 2019. A total of 132 diagnosed cases of T2DM, aged 18 years and older, who had been on antidiabetic medications in the past three months, were included in the study. Pregnant women and patients in diabetic coma were excluded from the study. A predesigned, pretested, semistructured questionnaire was used to collect data from the patients or their legally accepted relatives. The subjects were followed-up at three and six months to determine any changes in the type and doses of medication. Laboratory parameters such as Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) and Postprandial Blood Sugar (PPBS) were measured at baseline and at six months, along with a history of any complications of diabetes. The data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27.0.
Results: A total of 132 patients were included, of which most patients were male (65.9%), aged 60 years or above (50.8%), illiterate (79.5%), and resided in rural areas (94.7%). The Average Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ACER) for reducing a unit of FBS was higher compared to PPBS across all forms of the drug. The ACER at three months showed a constant increase, from 24.56 for metformin only to 2709.26 for insulin with Oral Hypoglycaemic Agents (OHA) for FBS, and from 7.83 for metformin only to 907.47 for insulin with OHA for PPBS. Metformin was the most commonly prescribed medication, both as a standalone therapy and in combination therapy.
Conclusion: Present investigation showed that rational prescribing effectively reduced blood sugar readings. Metformin and Glimepiride were the predominant pharmaceuticals utilised for the treatment of diabetes. The cost-effectiveness study indicates that the financial burden of diabetes is substantial, particularly when considering the socio-economic status of individuals. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2249-782X 0973-709X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited |
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| spelling | doaj-art-416b5e3ab3544976b7ea98025329e0ee2025-01-24T11:56:22ZengJCDR Research and Publications Private LimitedJournal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research2249-782X0973-709X2025-01-011901010410.7860/JCDR/2025/75320.20527Pharmacoeconomics and Utilisation of Antidiabetic Medications among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Longitudinal StudyBikash Chandra Das0P Ansuman Abhisek1Deepak Choudhury2Suvendu Kumar Panda3Jayanti Prava Behera4Supriya Pradhan5Trupti Rekha Swain6Sasmita Mallick7Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, SCB Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India.Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, SCB Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India.Assistant Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, SCB Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India.Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha, India.Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha, India.Professor, Department of Pharmacology, B.B. Medical College and Hospital, Bolangir, Odisha, India.Professor, Department of Pharmacology, SCB Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India.Senior Resident, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, FM Medical College and Hospital, Balasore, Odisha, India.Introduction: Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) typically require long-term treatment with antidiabetic medications, resulting in a significant financial burden on both the individual and the global economy. Aim: To assess the patterns of drug utilisation and the economic aspects of antidiabetic medications in individuals with diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: The current study was a hospital-based longitudinal study conducted between October 2017 and September 2019. A total of 132 diagnosed cases of T2DM, aged 18 years and older, who had been on antidiabetic medications in the past three months, were included in the study. Pregnant women and patients in diabetic coma were excluded from the study. A predesigned, pretested, semistructured questionnaire was used to collect data from the patients or their legally accepted relatives. The subjects were followed-up at three and six months to determine any changes in the type and doses of medication. Laboratory parameters such as Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) and Postprandial Blood Sugar (PPBS) were measured at baseline and at six months, along with a history of any complications of diabetes. The data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27.0. Results: A total of 132 patients were included, of which most patients were male (65.9%), aged 60 years or above (50.8%), illiterate (79.5%), and resided in rural areas (94.7%). The Average Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ACER) for reducing a unit of FBS was higher compared to PPBS across all forms of the drug. The ACER at three months showed a constant increase, from 24.56 for metformin only to 2709.26 for insulin with Oral Hypoglycaemic Agents (OHA) for FBS, and from 7.83 for metformin only to 907.47 for insulin with OHA for PPBS. Metformin was the most commonly prescribed medication, both as a standalone therapy and in combination therapy. Conclusion: Present investigation showed that rational prescribing effectively reduced blood sugar readings. Metformin and Glimepiride were the predominant pharmaceuticals utilised for the treatment of diabetes. The cost-effectiveness study indicates that the financial burden of diabetes is substantial, particularly when considering the socio-economic status of individuals.https://www.jcdr.net/articles/PDF/20527/75320_CE[Ra1]_F(SS)_QC(PS_SHU)_PF1(AG_IS)_PFA(IS)_PB(AG_IS)_PN(IS).pdfcost-effectiveness analysismetforminpharmaceuticals |
| spellingShingle | Bikash Chandra Das P Ansuman Abhisek Deepak Choudhury Suvendu Kumar Panda Jayanti Prava Behera Supriya Pradhan Trupti Rekha Swain Sasmita Mallick Pharmacoeconomics and Utilisation of Antidiabetic Medications among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Longitudinal Study Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research cost-effectiveness analysis metformin pharmaceuticals |
| title | Pharmacoeconomics and Utilisation of Antidiabetic Medications among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Longitudinal Study |
| title_full | Pharmacoeconomics and Utilisation of Antidiabetic Medications among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Longitudinal Study |
| title_fullStr | Pharmacoeconomics and Utilisation of Antidiabetic Medications among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Longitudinal Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pharmacoeconomics and Utilisation of Antidiabetic Medications among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Longitudinal Study |
| title_short | Pharmacoeconomics and Utilisation of Antidiabetic Medications among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Longitudinal Study |
| title_sort | pharmacoeconomics and utilisation of antidiabetic medications among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients a longitudinal study |
| topic | cost-effectiveness analysis metformin pharmaceuticals |
| url | https://www.jcdr.net/articles/PDF/20527/75320_CE[Ra1]_F(SS)_QC(PS_SHU)_PF1(AG_IS)_PFA(IS)_PB(AG_IS)_PN(IS).pdf |
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