A Simple Approach to Distinguish Classic and Formaldehyde-Free Tannin Based Rigid Foams by ATR FT-IR
Tannin based rigid foams (TBRFs) have been produced with formaldehyde since 1994. Only recently several methods have been developed in order to produce these foams without using formaldehyde. TBRFs with and without formaldehyde are visually indistinguishable; therefore a method for determining the d...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2015-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Spectroscopy |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/902340 |
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| author | Gianluca Tondi Martin Link Chuan Wei Oo Alexander Petutschnigg |
| author_facet | Gianluca Tondi Martin Link Chuan Wei Oo Alexander Petutschnigg |
| author_sort | Gianluca Tondi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tannin based rigid foams (TBRFs) have been produced with formaldehyde since 1994. Only recently several methods have been developed in order to produce these foams without using formaldehyde. TBRFs with and without formaldehyde are visually indistinguishable; therefore a method for determining the differences between these foams had to be found. The attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR) investigation of the TBRFs presented in this paper allowed discrimination between the formaldehyde-containing (classic) and formaldehyde-free TBRFs. The spectra of the formaldehyde-free TBRFs, indeed, present decreased band intensity related to the C–O stretching vibration of (i) the methylol groups and (ii) the furanic rings. This evidence served to prove the chemical difference between the two TBRFs and explained the slightly higher mechanical properties measured for the classic TBRFs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-41579c05dc8543478e82cbae0ed9444b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2314-4920 2314-4939 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Spectroscopy |
| spelling | doaj-art-41579c05dc8543478e82cbae0ed9444b2025-02-03T01:03:37ZengWileyJournal of Spectroscopy2314-49202314-49392015-01-01201510.1155/2015/902340902340A Simple Approach to Distinguish Classic and Formaldehyde-Free Tannin Based Rigid Foams by ATR FT-IRGianluca Tondi0Martin Link1Chuan Wei Oo2Alexander Petutschnigg3Forest Products Technology & Timber Construction Department, Salzburg University of Applied Sciences, 136a Marktstraße, 5431 Kuchl, AustriaForest Products Technology & Timber Construction Department, Salzburg University of Applied Sciences, 136a Marktstraße, 5431 Kuchl, AustriaSchool of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Penang, MalaysiaForest Products Technology & Timber Construction Department, Salzburg University of Applied Sciences, 136a Marktstraße, 5431 Kuchl, AustriaTannin based rigid foams (TBRFs) have been produced with formaldehyde since 1994. Only recently several methods have been developed in order to produce these foams without using formaldehyde. TBRFs with and without formaldehyde are visually indistinguishable; therefore a method for determining the differences between these foams had to be found. The attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR) investigation of the TBRFs presented in this paper allowed discrimination between the formaldehyde-containing (classic) and formaldehyde-free TBRFs. The spectra of the formaldehyde-free TBRFs, indeed, present decreased band intensity related to the C–O stretching vibration of (i) the methylol groups and (ii) the furanic rings. This evidence served to prove the chemical difference between the two TBRFs and explained the slightly higher mechanical properties measured for the classic TBRFs.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/902340 |
| spellingShingle | Gianluca Tondi Martin Link Chuan Wei Oo Alexander Petutschnigg A Simple Approach to Distinguish Classic and Formaldehyde-Free Tannin Based Rigid Foams by ATR FT-IR Journal of Spectroscopy |
| title | A Simple Approach to Distinguish Classic and Formaldehyde-Free Tannin Based Rigid Foams by ATR FT-IR |
| title_full | A Simple Approach to Distinguish Classic and Formaldehyde-Free Tannin Based Rigid Foams by ATR FT-IR |
| title_fullStr | A Simple Approach to Distinguish Classic and Formaldehyde-Free Tannin Based Rigid Foams by ATR FT-IR |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Simple Approach to Distinguish Classic and Formaldehyde-Free Tannin Based Rigid Foams by ATR FT-IR |
| title_short | A Simple Approach to Distinguish Classic and Formaldehyde-Free Tannin Based Rigid Foams by ATR FT-IR |
| title_sort | simple approach to distinguish classic and formaldehyde free tannin based rigid foams by atr ft ir |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/902340 |
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