On-Demand Energy Provisioning Scheme in Large-Scale WRSNs: Survey, Opportunities, and Challenges
Wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSNs) have emerged as a critical infrastructure for monitoring and collecting data in large-scale and dynamic environments. The energy autonomy of sensor nodes is crucial for the sustained operation of WRSNs. This paper presents a comprehensive survey on the s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/2/358 |
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| author | Gerald K. Ijemaru Kenneth Li-Minn Ang Jasmine Kah Phooi Seng Augustine O. Nwajana Phee Lep Yeoh Emmanuel U. Oleka |
| author_facet | Gerald K. Ijemaru Kenneth Li-Minn Ang Jasmine Kah Phooi Seng Augustine O. Nwajana Phee Lep Yeoh Emmanuel U. Oleka |
| author_sort | Gerald K. Ijemaru |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSNs) have emerged as a critical infrastructure for monitoring and collecting data in large-scale and dynamic environments. The energy autonomy of sensor nodes is crucial for the sustained operation of WRSNs. This paper presents a comprehensive survey on the state-of-the-art approaches and technologies in on-demand energy provisioning in large-scale WRSNs. We explore various energy harvesting techniques, storage solutions, and energy management strategies tailored to the unique challenges posed by the dynamic and resource-constrained nature of WRSNs. This survey categorizes existing literature based on energy harvesting sources, including solar, kinetic, and ambient energy, and discusses advancements in energy storage technologies such as supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries. Furthermore, we investigate energy management techniques that adaptively balance energy consumption and harvesting, optimizing the overall network performance. In addition to providing a thorough overview of existing solutions, this paper identifies opportunities and challenges in the field of on-demand energy provisioning for large-scale WRSNs. By synthesizing current research efforts, this survey aims to provide insight to researchers and policymakers in understanding the landscape of on-demand energy provisioning in large-scale WRSNs. The insights gained from this study pave the way for future innovations and contribute to the development of sustainable and self-sufficient wireless sensor networks, critical for the advancement of applications such as environmental monitoring, precision agriculture, and smart cities. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4132b613545443c289de69bf55829657 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj-art-4132b613545443c289de69bf558296572025-01-24T13:31:11ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-01-0118235810.3390/en18020358On-Demand Energy Provisioning Scheme in Large-Scale WRSNs: Survey, Opportunities, and ChallengesGerald K. Ijemaru0Kenneth Li-Minn Ang1Jasmine Kah Phooi Seng2Augustine O. Nwajana3Phee Lep Yeoh4Emmanuel U. Oleka5School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Moreton Bay Campus, Petrie, QLD 4502, AustraliaSchool of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Moreton Bay Campus, Petrie, QLD 4502, AustraliaSchool of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Moreton Bay Campus, Petrie, QLD 4502, AustraliaSchool of Engineering, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Kent ME4 4TB, UKSchool of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Moreton Bay Campus, Petrie, QLD 4502, AustraliaDominion Energy, Richmond, VA 23219, USAWireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSNs) have emerged as a critical infrastructure for monitoring and collecting data in large-scale and dynamic environments. The energy autonomy of sensor nodes is crucial for the sustained operation of WRSNs. This paper presents a comprehensive survey on the state-of-the-art approaches and technologies in on-demand energy provisioning in large-scale WRSNs. We explore various energy harvesting techniques, storage solutions, and energy management strategies tailored to the unique challenges posed by the dynamic and resource-constrained nature of WRSNs. This survey categorizes existing literature based on energy harvesting sources, including solar, kinetic, and ambient energy, and discusses advancements in energy storage technologies such as supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries. Furthermore, we investigate energy management techniques that adaptively balance energy consumption and harvesting, optimizing the overall network performance. In addition to providing a thorough overview of existing solutions, this paper identifies opportunities and challenges in the field of on-demand energy provisioning for large-scale WRSNs. By synthesizing current research efforts, this survey aims to provide insight to researchers and policymakers in understanding the landscape of on-demand energy provisioning in large-scale WRSNs. The insights gained from this study pave the way for future innovations and contribute to the development of sustainable and self-sufficient wireless sensor networks, critical for the advancement of applications such as environmental monitoring, precision agriculture, and smart cities.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/2/358wireless rechargeable sensor networksenergy harvestingon-demand energy provisioningenergy managementenergy consumptionwireless charging |
| spellingShingle | Gerald K. Ijemaru Kenneth Li-Minn Ang Jasmine Kah Phooi Seng Augustine O. Nwajana Phee Lep Yeoh Emmanuel U. Oleka On-Demand Energy Provisioning Scheme in Large-Scale WRSNs: Survey, Opportunities, and Challenges Energies wireless rechargeable sensor networks energy harvesting on-demand energy provisioning energy management energy consumption wireless charging |
| title | On-Demand Energy Provisioning Scheme in Large-Scale WRSNs: Survey, Opportunities, and Challenges |
| title_full | On-Demand Energy Provisioning Scheme in Large-Scale WRSNs: Survey, Opportunities, and Challenges |
| title_fullStr | On-Demand Energy Provisioning Scheme in Large-Scale WRSNs: Survey, Opportunities, and Challenges |
| title_full_unstemmed | On-Demand Energy Provisioning Scheme in Large-Scale WRSNs: Survey, Opportunities, and Challenges |
| title_short | On-Demand Energy Provisioning Scheme in Large-Scale WRSNs: Survey, Opportunities, and Challenges |
| title_sort | on demand energy provisioning scheme in large scale wrsns survey opportunities and challenges |
| topic | wireless rechargeable sensor networks energy harvesting on-demand energy provisioning energy management energy consumption wireless charging |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/2/358 |
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