Brain Oxygenation During Exercise in Different Types of Chronic Lung Disease: A Narrative Review
Chronic lung diseases such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD), and Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) are characterized by progressive symptoms such as dyspnea, fatigue, and muscle weakness, often leading to physical inactivity, and reduced quality of life. Many patie...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| author | Stella Kritikou Andreas Zafeiridis Georgia Pitsiou Ioannis Gkalgkouranas Leonidas Kastritseas Afroditi Boutou Konstantina Dipla |
| author_facet | Stella Kritikou Andreas Zafeiridis Georgia Pitsiou Ioannis Gkalgkouranas Leonidas Kastritseas Afroditi Boutou Konstantina Dipla |
| author_sort | Stella Kritikou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chronic lung diseases such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD), and Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) are characterized by progressive symptoms such as dyspnea, fatigue, and muscle weakness, often leading to physical inactivity, and reduced quality of life. Many patients also experience significantly impaired exercise tolerance. While pulmonary, cardiovascular, respiratory, and peripheral muscle dysfunction contribute to exercise limitations, recent evidence suggests that hypoxia and impairments in cerebral oxygenation may also play a role in exercise intolerance. This narrative review (i) summarizes studies investigating cerebral oxygenation responses during exercise in patients with different types of chronic lung diseases and (ii) discusses possible mechanisms behind the blunted cerebral oxygenation during exercise reported in many of these conditions; however, the extent of cerebral desaturation and the intensity at which it occurs can vary. These differences depend on the specific pathophysiology of the lung disease and the presence of comorbidities. Notably, reduced cerebral oxygenation during exercise in fibrotic-ILD has been linked with the development of dyspnea and early exercise termination. Understanding the effects of chronic lung disease on cerebral oxygenation during exercise may improve our understanding of exercise intolerance mechanisms and help identify therapeutic strategies to enhance brain health and exercise capacity in these patients. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-40c07803cc30497b8e5d0dd576fbc1bf |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2075-4663 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sports |
| spelling | doaj-art-40c07803cc30497b8e5d0dd576fbc1bf2025-01-24T13:49:51ZengMDPI AGSports2075-46632025-01-01131910.3390/sports13010009Brain Oxygenation During Exercise in Different Types of Chronic Lung Disease: A Narrative ReviewStella Kritikou0Andreas Zafeiridis1Georgia Pitsiou2Ioannis Gkalgkouranas3Leonidas Kastritseas4Afroditi Boutou5Konstantina Dipla6Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 62122 Serres, GreeceLaboratory of Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 62122 Serres, GreeceDepartment of Respiratory Failure, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57010 Thessaloniki, GreeceLaboratory of Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 62122 Serres, GreeceLaboratory of Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 62122 Serres, GreeceDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Ippokrateio Hospital of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, GreeceLaboratory of Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 62122 Serres, GreeceChronic lung diseases such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD), and Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) are characterized by progressive symptoms such as dyspnea, fatigue, and muscle weakness, often leading to physical inactivity, and reduced quality of life. Many patients also experience significantly impaired exercise tolerance. While pulmonary, cardiovascular, respiratory, and peripheral muscle dysfunction contribute to exercise limitations, recent evidence suggests that hypoxia and impairments in cerebral oxygenation may also play a role in exercise intolerance. This narrative review (i) summarizes studies investigating cerebral oxygenation responses during exercise in patients with different types of chronic lung diseases and (ii) discusses possible mechanisms behind the blunted cerebral oxygenation during exercise reported in many of these conditions; however, the extent of cerebral desaturation and the intensity at which it occurs can vary. These differences depend on the specific pathophysiology of the lung disease and the presence of comorbidities. Notably, reduced cerebral oxygenation during exercise in fibrotic-ILD has been linked with the development of dyspnea and early exercise termination. Understanding the effects of chronic lung disease on cerebral oxygenation during exercise may improve our understanding of exercise intolerance mechanisms and help identify therapeutic strategies to enhance brain health and exercise capacity in these patients.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/13/1/9brain oxygenationexerciselung diseasenear-infrared spectroscopydyspneaexercise intolerance |
| spellingShingle | Stella Kritikou Andreas Zafeiridis Georgia Pitsiou Ioannis Gkalgkouranas Leonidas Kastritseas Afroditi Boutou Konstantina Dipla Brain Oxygenation During Exercise in Different Types of Chronic Lung Disease: A Narrative Review Sports brain oxygenation exercise lung disease near-infrared spectroscopy dyspnea exercise intolerance |
| title | Brain Oxygenation During Exercise in Different Types of Chronic Lung Disease: A Narrative Review |
| title_full | Brain Oxygenation During Exercise in Different Types of Chronic Lung Disease: A Narrative Review |
| title_fullStr | Brain Oxygenation During Exercise in Different Types of Chronic Lung Disease: A Narrative Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Brain Oxygenation During Exercise in Different Types of Chronic Lung Disease: A Narrative Review |
| title_short | Brain Oxygenation During Exercise in Different Types of Chronic Lung Disease: A Narrative Review |
| title_sort | brain oxygenation during exercise in different types of chronic lung disease a narrative review |
| topic | brain oxygenation exercise lung disease near-infrared spectroscopy dyspnea exercise intolerance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/13/1/9 |
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