The effects of cyclic peptide [R4W4] in combination with first-line therapy on the survival of Mycobacterium avium
BackgroundMycobacterium avium (M. avium) is a nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) that can cause pulmonary and extrapulmonary infections mostly in immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV and diabetes. Traditionally, rifampicin (RIF) and azithromycin (AZ) have been used for a 12-month du...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1547376/full |
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| author | Melissa Kelley Kayvan Sasaninia Ali Badaoui Ira Glassman Arbi Abnousian Nadia Rai Nadia Rai Rakesh K. Tiwari Rakesh K. Tiwari Vishwanath Venketaraman |
| author_facet | Melissa Kelley Kayvan Sasaninia Ali Badaoui Ira Glassman Arbi Abnousian Nadia Rai Nadia Rai Rakesh K. Tiwari Rakesh K. Tiwari Vishwanath Venketaraman |
| author_sort | Melissa Kelley |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundMycobacterium avium (M. avium) is a nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) that can cause pulmonary and extrapulmonary infections mostly in immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV and diabetes. Traditionally, rifampicin (RIF) and azithromycin (AZ) have been used for a 12-month duration as first-line antibiotics against M. avium. Due to the increased multidrug resistance, novel ways, such as enhancement of macrophages response, are needed to provide adequate immune response required to clear M. avium infection.Methods and findingsIn this study, we aim to study the effects of using THP-1 cells, which are monocyte-like cells, to induce a macrophage response and control M. avium infection when used in combination with traditional treatments such as RIF and AZ in free and liposomal forms. Traditional treatments’ effects are studied when used alone and in combination therapy with cyclic peptide [R4W4] (liposomal encapsulated and liposomal combination). Colony-forming units (CFU) counts were assessed for all samples 3 hours, 4 days, and 8 days post-treatment. A significant reduction in the intracellular viability of M. avium was observed when THP-1 cells were treated with liposomal combination [R4W4]+RIF and liposomal combination [R4W4]+AZ compared to when treated with liposomal RIF or liposomal AZ alone, respectively.ConclusionOur findings show that liposomal combination [R4W4] is a promising adjuvant therapy to increase M. avium susceptibility to known antibiotics. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-40a2b5e4ccdb4268bbac511d54a103a6 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2235-2988 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-40a2b5e4ccdb4268bbac511d54a103a62025-08-20T02:26:25ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882025-04-011510.3389/fcimb.2025.15473761547376The effects of cyclic peptide [R4W4] in combination with first-line therapy on the survival of Mycobacterium aviumMelissa Kelley0Kayvan Sasaninia1Ali Badaoui2Ira Glassman3Arbi Abnousian4Nadia Rai5Nadia Rai6Rakesh K. Tiwari7Rakesh K. Tiwari8Vishwanath Venketaraman9Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United StatesDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United StatesDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United StatesDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United StatesDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United StatesDepartment of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, United StatesDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, PakistanDepartment of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, United StatesDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-Northwest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR, United StatesDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United StatesBackgroundMycobacterium avium (M. avium) is a nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) that can cause pulmonary and extrapulmonary infections mostly in immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV and diabetes. Traditionally, rifampicin (RIF) and azithromycin (AZ) have been used for a 12-month duration as first-line antibiotics against M. avium. Due to the increased multidrug resistance, novel ways, such as enhancement of macrophages response, are needed to provide adequate immune response required to clear M. avium infection.Methods and findingsIn this study, we aim to study the effects of using THP-1 cells, which are monocyte-like cells, to induce a macrophage response and control M. avium infection when used in combination with traditional treatments such as RIF and AZ in free and liposomal forms. Traditional treatments’ effects are studied when used alone and in combination therapy with cyclic peptide [R4W4] (liposomal encapsulated and liposomal combination). Colony-forming units (CFU) counts were assessed for all samples 3 hours, 4 days, and 8 days post-treatment. A significant reduction in the intracellular viability of M. avium was observed when THP-1 cells were treated with liposomal combination [R4W4]+RIF and liposomal combination [R4W4]+AZ compared to when treated with liposomal RIF or liposomal AZ alone, respectively.ConclusionOur findings show that liposomal combination [R4W4] is a promising adjuvant therapy to increase M. avium susceptibility to known antibiotics. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1547376/fullMycobacterium aviumantimicrobialcyclic peptideantibioticsmacrophages |
| spellingShingle | Melissa Kelley Kayvan Sasaninia Ali Badaoui Ira Glassman Arbi Abnousian Nadia Rai Nadia Rai Rakesh K. Tiwari Rakesh K. Tiwari Vishwanath Venketaraman The effects of cyclic peptide [R4W4] in combination with first-line therapy on the survival of Mycobacterium avium Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology Mycobacterium avium antimicrobial cyclic peptide antibiotics macrophages |
| title | The effects of cyclic peptide [R4W4] in combination with first-line therapy on the survival of Mycobacterium avium |
| title_full | The effects of cyclic peptide [R4W4] in combination with first-line therapy on the survival of Mycobacterium avium |
| title_fullStr | The effects of cyclic peptide [R4W4] in combination with first-line therapy on the survival of Mycobacterium avium |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effects of cyclic peptide [R4W4] in combination with first-line therapy on the survival of Mycobacterium avium |
| title_short | The effects of cyclic peptide [R4W4] in combination with first-line therapy on the survival of Mycobacterium avium |
| title_sort | effects of cyclic peptide r4w4 in combination with first line therapy on the survival of mycobacterium avium |
| topic | Mycobacterium avium antimicrobial cyclic peptide antibiotics macrophages |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1547376/full |
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