Low energy density, high nutrient adequacy and high nutrient density are each associated with higher diet costs in Chinese adults from Henan Province
Abstract Objectives Food price is a determining factor in food choice which affect diet quality accordingly. However, the association between food price and diet quality has not been thoroughly discussed among Chinese adults. This study aimed to analyze the association of daily energy-adjusted dieta...
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2025-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-21144-x |
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| author | Junya Zhai Baihui Ma Lijun Guo Hongbo Wu Quanjun Lyu Pipasha Khatun Rui Liang Fangfang Yao Minghua Cong Yongxia Kong |
| author_facet | Junya Zhai Baihui Ma Lijun Guo Hongbo Wu Quanjun Lyu Pipasha Khatun Rui Liang Fangfang Yao Minghua Cong Yongxia Kong |
| author_sort | Junya Zhai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Objectives Food price is a determining factor in food choice which affect diet quality accordingly. However, the association between food price and diet quality has not been thoroughly discussed among Chinese adults. This study aimed to analyze the association of daily energy-adjusted dietary costs (CNY/2000 kcal) and diet quality among Chinese adults. Methods A total of 680 Chinese adults aged above 25 years from Henan province were investigated in 2020. Three indices were adopted for evaluating diet quality: the nutrient-rich foods 9.2 (NRF 9.2) index for evaluating nutrient density, the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) for evaluating nutrient adequacy, energy density (ED) based on solid foods only for evaluating energy density. The daily energy-adjusted diet cost was calculated by dividing the estimated daily diet costs (CNY/day) by the energy intake per day (kcal/day) and multiplying the result by 2000. Results Subjects who closely adhered to the NRF9.2, MAR, and ED paid ¥8.92, ¥13.17, and ¥14.34 more for daily food consumption, respectively, than those who weakly adhered to these dietary patterns did. Furthermore, multiple linear regression analysis adjusted covariance revealed that an increase in ¥1 of the energy-adjusted diet cost per day was associated with changes of 0.494 units (P < 0.001), 0.003 units (P < 0.001), and − 0.018 units (P < 0.001) in the NRF9.2, MAR, and ED, respectively. Conclusion Higher energy-adjusted diet cost was associated with higher quality diets. This might be important for public health policies to develop strategies to promote healthy diets by regulating food supply and its costs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4069568be69f4eb5bf3277d8de4a8a73 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2458 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Public Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-4069568be69f4eb5bf3277d8de4a8a732025-02-02T12:45:45ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582025-02-012511810.1186/s12889-024-21144-xLow energy density, high nutrient adequacy and high nutrient density are each associated with higher diet costs in Chinese adults from Henan ProvinceJunya Zhai0Baihui Ma1Lijun Guo2Hongbo Wu3Quanjun Lyu4Pipasha Khatun5Rui Liang6Fangfang Yao7Minghua Cong8Yongxia Kong9Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer HospitalDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer HospitalDepartment of Health Management Center, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer HospitalDepartment of Health Management Center, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer HospitalDepartment of Public Health, Zhengzhou Shuqing Medical CollegeDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou UniversityDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityDepartment of Comprehensive Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer HospitalAbstract Objectives Food price is a determining factor in food choice which affect diet quality accordingly. However, the association between food price and diet quality has not been thoroughly discussed among Chinese adults. This study aimed to analyze the association of daily energy-adjusted dietary costs (CNY/2000 kcal) and diet quality among Chinese adults. Methods A total of 680 Chinese adults aged above 25 years from Henan province were investigated in 2020. Three indices were adopted for evaluating diet quality: the nutrient-rich foods 9.2 (NRF 9.2) index for evaluating nutrient density, the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) for evaluating nutrient adequacy, energy density (ED) based on solid foods only for evaluating energy density. The daily energy-adjusted diet cost was calculated by dividing the estimated daily diet costs (CNY/day) by the energy intake per day (kcal/day) and multiplying the result by 2000. Results Subjects who closely adhered to the NRF9.2, MAR, and ED paid ¥8.92, ¥13.17, and ¥14.34 more for daily food consumption, respectively, than those who weakly adhered to these dietary patterns did. Furthermore, multiple linear regression analysis adjusted covariance revealed that an increase in ¥1 of the energy-adjusted diet cost per day was associated with changes of 0.494 units (P < 0.001), 0.003 units (P < 0.001), and − 0.018 units (P < 0.001) in the NRF9.2, MAR, and ED, respectively. Conclusion Higher energy-adjusted diet cost was associated with higher quality diets. This might be important for public health policies to develop strategies to promote healthy diets by regulating food supply and its costs.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-21144-xDietary costDiet QualityNRF9.2MARED |
| spellingShingle | Junya Zhai Baihui Ma Lijun Guo Hongbo Wu Quanjun Lyu Pipasha Khatun Rui Liang Fangfang Yao Minghua Cong Yongxia Kong Low energy density, high nutrient adequacy and high nutrient density are each associated with higher diet costs in Chinese adults from Henan Province BMC Public Health Dietary cost Diet Quality NRF9.2 MAR ED |
| title | Low energy density, high nutrient adequacy and high nutrient density are each associated with higher diet costs in Chinese adults from Henan Province |
| title_full | Low energy density, high nutrient adequacy and high nutrient density are each associated with higher diet costs in Chinese adults from Henan Province |
| title_fullStr | Low energy density, high nutrient adequacy and high nutrient density are each associated with higher diet costs in Chinese adults from Henan Province |
| title_full_unstemmed | Low energy density, high nutrient adequacy and high nutrient density are each associated with higher diet costs in Chinese adults from Henan Province |
| title_short | Low energy density, high nutrient adequacy and high nutrient density are each associated with higher diet costs in Chinese adults from Henan Province |
| title_sort | low energy density high nutrient adequacy and high nutrient density are each associated with higher diet costs in chinese adults from henan province |
| topic | Dietary cost Diet Quality NRF9.2 MAR ED |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-21144-x |
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