Development of IgY-Based Passive Immunization Against Tilapia Lake Virus: Development and In Vitro Neutralization Assays
Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) poses a major threat to global tilapia aquaculture and contributes to significant economic losses due to the absence of effective vaccines and treatments. Given the high mortality rates and severe pathological effects of TiLV on tilapia, alternative strategies, such as immu...
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2025-03-01
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| author | Piyathip Setthawong Jidapa Yamkasem Matepiya Khemthong Puntanat Tattiyapong Pornphimon Metheenukul Noppadol Prasertsincharoen Tuchakorn Lertwanakarn Naris Thengchaisri Win Surachetpong |
| author_facet | Piyathip Setthawong Jidapa Yamkasem Matepiya Khemthong Puntanat Tattiyapong Pornphimon Metheenukul Noppadol Prasertsincharoen Tuchakorn Lertwanakarn Naris Thengchaisri Win Surachetpong |
| author_sort | Piyathip Setthawong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) poses a major threat to global tilapia aquaculture and contributes to significant economic losses due to the absence of effective vaccines and treatments. Given the high mortality rates and severe pathological effects of TiLV on tilapia, alternative strategies, such as immunoglobulin-based therapies, are being considered for disease control. In this study, we developed specific immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibodies against TiLV and evaluated their neutralization activity. Laying hens were immunized via intramuscular injections of recombinant TiLV segment 4 protein, and IgY antibodies were extracted and purified from their egg yolks using polyethylene glycol precipitation. Western blot analysis confirmed the specificity of the IgY, which demonstrated no cross-reactivity with nontarget proteins. Neutralization assays revealed a dose-dependent reduction in TiLV infectivity, which declined from 5.01 × 10<sup>6</sup> TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL to 5.01 × 10<sup>4</sup>–1.26 × 10<sup>5</sup> TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL, with the highest efficacy observed at a 1:2 dilution. Despite the variability in neutralization infectivity among the different hens, IgY effectively inhibited TiLV-induced cytopathic effects. Immunofluorescence assays further confirmed a significant reduction in the TiLV antigen levels in IgY-treated RHTiB cells. Our findings highlight IgY as a promising strategy for TiLV control and suggest its potential application in the prevention of emerging viruses. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-403d8a4f53a040f8a2c5ebd2fcef79c9 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj-art-403d8a4f53a040f8a2c5ebd2fcef79c92025-08-20T02:43:05ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152025-03-0117344810.3390/v17030448Development of IgY-Based Passive Immunization Against Tilapia Lake Virus: Development and In Vitro Neutralization AssaysPiyathip Setthawong0Jidapa Yamkasem1Matepiya Khemthong2Puntanat Tattiyapong3Pornphimon Metheenukul4Noppadol Prasertsincharoen5Tuchakorn Lertwanakarn6Naris Thengchaisri7Win Surachetpong8Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandDepartment of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandDepartment of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandDepartment of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandDepartment of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandDepartment of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandDepartment of Companion Animal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandDepartment of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandTilapia lake virus (TiLV) poses a major threat to global tilapia aquaculture and contributes to significant economic losses due to the absence of effective vaccines and treatments. Given the high mortality rates and severe pathological effects of TiLV on tilapia, alternative strategies, such as immunoglobulin-based therapies, are being considered for disease control. In this study, we developed specific immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibodies against TiLV and evaluated their neutralization activity. Laying hens were immunized via intramuscular injections of recombinant TiLV segment 4 protein, and IgY antibodies were extracted and purified from their egg yolks using polyethylene glycol precipitation. Western blot analysis confirmed the specificity of the IgY, which demonstrated no cross-reactivity with nontarget proteins. Neutralization assays revealed a dose-dependent reduction in TiLV infectivity, which declined from 5.01 × 10<sup>6</sup> TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL to 5.01 × 10<sup>4</sup>–1.26 × 10<sup>5</sup> TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL, with the highest efficacy observed at a 1:2 dilution. Despite the variability in neutralization infectivity among the different hens, IgY effectively inhibited TiLV-induced cytopathic effects. Immunofluorescence assays further confirmed a significant reduction in the TiLV antigen levels in IgY-treated RHTiB cells. Our findings highlight IgY as a promising strategy for TiLV control and suggest its potential application in the prevention of emerging viruses.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/3/448tilapia lake viruspassive immunizationimmunoglobulinIgYchicken eggsdisease management |
| spellingShingle | Piyathip Setthawong Jidapa Yamkasem Matepiya Khemthong Puntanat Tattiyapong Pornphimon Metheenukul Noppadol Prasertsincharoen Tuchakorn Lertwanakarn Naris Thengchaisri Win Surachetpong Development of IgY-Based Passive Immunization Against Tilapia Lake Virus: Development and In Vitro Neutralization Assays Viruses tilapia lake virus passive immunization immunoglobulin IgY chicken eggs disease management |
| title | Development of IgY-Based Passive Immunization Against Tilapia Lake Virus: Development and In Vitro Neutralization Assays |
| title_full | Development of IgY-Based Passive Immunization Against Tilapia Lake Virus: Development and In Vitro Neutralization Assays |
| title_fullStr | Development of IgY-Based Passive Immunization Against Tilapia Lake Virus: Development and In Vitro Neutralization Assays |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of IgY-Based Passive Immunization Against Tilapia Lake Virus: Development and In Vitro Neutralization Assays |
| title_short | Development of IgY-Based Passive Immunization Against Tilapia Lake Virus: Development and In Vitro Neutralization Assays |
| title_sort | development of igy based passive immunization against tilapia lake virus development and in vitro neutralization assays |
| topic | tilapia lake virus passive immunization immunoglobulin IgY chicken eggs disease management |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/3/448 |
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