The Effect of Post-Deposition Heat Treatment on the Microstructure, Texture, and Mechanical Properties of Inconel 718 Produced by Hybrid Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing with Inter-Pass Forging
The microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of Inconel 718 fabricated via hybrid wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) with inter-pass forging, and the subsequent modified post-deposition heat treatment (PDHT), were investigated. The modified PDHT included homogenization at 1185 °C and d...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Dmitrii Panov Gleb Permyakov Stanislav Naumov Vladimir Mirontsov Egor Kudryavtsev Liying Sun Alexander Aksenov Nikita Stepanov Dmitriy Trushnikov Gennady Salishchev |
| author_facet | Dmitrii Panov Gleb Permyakov Stanislav Naumov Vladimir Mirontsov Egor Kudryavtsev Liying Sun Alexander Aksenov Nikita Stepanov Dmitriy Trushnikov Gennady Salishchev |
| author_sort | Dmitrii Panov |
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| description | The microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of Inconel 718 fabricated via hybrid wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) with inter-pass forging, and the subsequent modified post-deposition heat treatment (PDHT), were investigated. The modified PDHT included homogenization at 1185 °C and double ageing at 720 °C, with furnace-cooling to 620 °C; this process was first used for Inconel 718 obtained via WAAM and inter-pass forging. In the as-printed material, two characteristic zones were distinguished, as follows: (i) columnar grains with a preferable <100> orientation and (ii) fine grains with a random crystallographic orientation. The development of static recrystallization induced via inter-pass forging and further heating during the deposition of the next (upper) layer provoked the formation of the fine-grained zone. In the as-printed material, particles of (Nb,Ti)C and TiN, and precipitates of a Nb-rich Laves phase that caused premature cracking and failure during mechanical testing, were detected. In the PDHT material, two zones were found, as follows: (i) a zone with coarse uniaxial grains and (ii) a zone with a gradient grain size distribution. PDHT resulted in the precipitation of γ″ nanoparticles in the γ-Ni matrix and the dissolution of the brittle Laves phase. Therefore, significant hardening and strengthening, as well as increases in ductility and impact toughness, occurred. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3fc02739150b4f1e8a0f1ea74bc6c5b2 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj-art-3fc02739150b4f1e8a0f1ea74bc6c5b22025-01-24T13:41:36ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012025-01-011517810.3390/met15010078The Effect of Post-Deposition Heat Treatment on the Microstructure, Texture, and Mechanical Properties of Inconel 718 Produced by Hybrid Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing with Inter-Pass ForgingDmitrii Panov0Gleb Permyakov1Stanislav Naumov2Vladimir Mirontsov3Egor Kudryavtsev4Liying Sun5Alexander Aksenov6Nikita Stepanov7Dmitriy Trushnikov8Gennady Salishchev9Laboratory of Bulk Nanostructured Materials, Belgorod State University, Belgorod 308015, RussiaDepartment of Welding Production, Metrology and Technology of Material, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm 614990, RussiaLaboratory of Bulk Nanostructured Materials, Belgorod State University, Belgorod 308015, RussiaWorld-Class Research Center “Advanced Digital Technologies”, State Marine Technical University, Saint-Petersburg 198095, RussiaLaboratory of Bulk Nanostructured Materials, Belgorod State University, Belgorod 308015, RussiaInstitute of New Materials, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, ChinaDepartment of Welding Production, Metrology and Technology of Material, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm 614990, RussiaLaboratory of Bulk Nanostructured Materials, Belgorod State University, Belgorod 308015, RussiaDepartment of Welding Production, Metrology and Technology of Material, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm 614990, RussiaLaboratory of Bulk Nanostructured Materials, Belgorod State University, Belgorod 308015, RussiaThe microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of Inconel 718 fabricated via hybrid wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) with inter-pass forging, and the subsequent modified post-deposition heat treatment (PDHT), were investigated. The modified PDHT included homogenization at 1185 °C and double ageing at 720 °C, with furnace-cooling to 620 °C; this process was first used for Inconel 718 obtained via WAAM and inter-pass forging. In the as-printed material, two characteristic zones were distinguished, as follows: (i) columnar grains with a preferable <100> orientation and (ii) fine grains with a random crystallographic orientation. The development of static recrystallization induced via inter-pass forging and further heating during the deposition of the next (upper) layer provoked the formation of the fine-grained zone. In the as-printed material, particles of (Nb,Ti)C and TiN, and precipitates of a Nb-rich Laves phase that caused premature cracking and failure during mechanical testing, were detected. In the PDHT material, two zones were found, as follows: (i) a zone with coarse uniaxial grains and (ii) a zone with a gradient grain size distribution. PDHT resulted in the precipitation of γ″ nanoparticles in the γ-Ni matrix and the dissolution of the brittle Laves phase. Therefore, significant hardening and strengthening, as well as increases in ductility and impact toughness, occurred.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/1/78Inconel 718wire-arc additive manufacturingpost-deposition heat treatmentductilityimpact toughnessstrengthening |
| spellingShingle | Dmitrii Panov Gleb Permyakov Stanislav Naumov Vladimir Mirontsov Egor Kudryavtsev Liying Sun Alexander Aksenov Nikita Stepanov Dmitriy Trushnikov Gennady Salishchev The Effect of Post-Deposition Heat Treatment on the Microstructure, Texture, and Mechanical Properties of Inconel 718 Produced by Hybrid Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing with Inter-Pass Forging Metals Inconel 718 wire-arc additive manufacturing post-deposition heat treatment ductility impact toughness strengthening |
| title | The Effect of Post-Deposition Heat Treatment on the Microstructure, Texture, and Mechanical Properties of Inconel 718 Produced by Hybrid Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing with Inter-Pass Forging |
| title_full | The Effect of Post-Deposition Heat Treatment on the Microstructure, Texture, and Mechanical Properties of Inconel 718 Produced by Hybrid Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing with Inter-Pass Forging |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Post-Deposition Heat Treatment on the Microstructure, Texture, and Mechanical Properties of Inconel 718 Produced by Hybrid Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing with Inter-Pass Forging |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Post-Deposition Heat Treatment on the Microstructure, Texture, and Mechanical Properties of Inconel 718 Produced by Hybrid Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing with Inter-Pass Forging |
| title_short | The Effect of Post-Deposition Heat Treatment on the Microstructure, Texture, and Mechanical Properties of Inconel 718 Produced by Hybrid Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing with Inter-Pass Forging |
| title_sort | effect of post deposition heat treatment on the microstructure texture and mechanical properties of inconel 718 produced by hybrid wire arc additive manufacturing with inter pass forging |
| topic | Inconel 718 wire-arc additive manufacturing post-deposition heat treatment ductility impact toughness strengthening |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/1/78 |
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