Gfi1 controls the formation of effector-like CD8+ T cells during chronic infection and cancer

Abstract During chronic infection and tumor progression, CD8+ T cells lose their effector functions and become exhausted. These exhausted CD8+ T cells are heterogeneous and comprised of progenitors that give rise to effector-like or terminally-exhausted cells. The precise cues and mechanisms directi...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Oluwagbemiga A. Ojo, Hongxing Shen, Jennifer T. Ingram, James A. Bonner, Robert S. Welner, Georges Lacaud, Allan J. Zajac, Lewis Z. Shi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59784-1
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849725328391405568
author Oluwagbemiga A. Ojo
Hongxing Shen
Jennifer T. Ingram
James A. Bonner
Robert S. Welner
Georges Lacaud
Allan J. Zajac
Lewis Z. Shi
author_facet Oluwagbemiga A. Ojo
Hongxing Shen
Jennifer T. Ingram
James A. Bonner
Robert S. Welner
Georges Lacaud
Allan J. Zajac
Lewis Z. Shi
author_sort Oluwagbemiga A. Ojo
collection DOAJ
description Abstract During chronic infection and tumor progression, CD8+ T cells lose their effector functions and become exhausted. These exhausted CD8+ T cells are heterogeneous and comprised of progenitors that give rise to effector-like or terminally-exhausted cells. The precise cues and mechanisms directing subset formation are incompletely understood. Here, we show that growth factor independent-1 (Gfi1) is dynamically regulated in exhausted CD8+ T cells. During chronic LCMV Clone 13 infection, a previously under-described Ly108+CX3CR1+ subset expresses low levels of Gfi1 while other established subsets have high expression. Ly108+CX3CR1+ cells possess distinct chromatin profiles and represent a transitory subset that develops to effector-like and terminally-exhausted cells, a process dependent on Gfi1. Similarly, Gfi1 in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells is required for the formation of terminally differentiated cells and endogenous as well as anti-CTLA-induced anti-tumor responses. Taken together, Gfi1 is a key regulator of the subset formation of exhausted CD8+ T cells.
format Article
id doaj-art-3f8df2d032ae42daaa4dec401eee2d85
institution DOAJ
issn 2041-1723
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Nature Communications
spelling doaj-art-3f8df2d032ae42daaa4dec401eee2d852025-08-20T03:10:30ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-05-0116111810.1038/s41467-025-59784-1Gfi1 controls the formation of effector-like CD8+ T cells during chronic infection and cancerOluwagbemiga A. Ojo0Hongxing Shen1Jennifer T. Ingram2James A. Bonner3Robert S. Welner4Georges Lacaud5Allan J. Zajac6Lewis Z. Shi7Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at BirminghamDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at BirminghamDepartment of Microbiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at BirminghamDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at BirminghamDepartment of Hematology & Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at BirminghamCancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of ManchesterDepartment of Microbiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at BirminghamDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at BirminghamAbstract During chronic infection and tumor progression, CD8+ T cells lose their effector functions and become exhausted. These exhausted CD8+ T cells are heterogeneous and comprised of progenitors that give rise to effector-like or terminally-exhausted cells. The precise cues and mechanisms directing subset formation are incompletely understood. Here, we show that growth factor independent-1 (Gfi1) is dynamically regulated in exhausted CD8+ T cells. During chronic LCMV Clone 13 infection, a previously under-described Ly108+CX3CR1+ subset expresses low levels of Gfi1 while other established subsets have high expression. Ly108+CX3CR1+ cells possess distinct chromatin profiles and represent a transitory subset that develops to effector-like and terminally-exhausted cells, a process dependent on Gfi1. Similarly, Gfi1 in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells is required for the formation of terminally differentiated cells and endogenous as well as anti-CTLA-induced anti-tumor responses. Taken together, Gfi1 is a key regulator of the subset formation of exhausted CD8+ T cells.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59784-1
spellingShingle Oluwagbemiga A. Ojo
Hongxing Shen
Jennifer T. Ingram
James A. Bonner
Robert S. Welner
Georges Lacaud
Allan J. Zajac
Lewis Z. Shi
Gfi1 controls the formation of effector-like CD8+ T cells during chronic infection and cancer
Nature Communications
title Gfi1 controls the formation of effector-like CD8+ T cells during chronic infection and cancer
title_full Gfi1 controls the formation of effector-like CD8+ T cells during chronic infection and cancer
title_fullStr Gfi1 controls the formation of effector-like CD8+ T cells during chronic infection and cancer
title_full_unstemmed Gfi1 controls the formation of effector-like CD8+ T cells during chronic infection and cancer
title_short Gfi1 controls the formation of effector-like CD8+ T cells during chronic infection and cancer
title_sort gfi1 controls the formation of effector like cd8 t cells during chronic infection and cancer
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59784-1
work_keys_str_mv AT oluwagbemigaaojo gfi1controlstheformationofeffectorlikecd8tcellsduringchronicinfectionandcancer
AT hongxingshen gfi1controlstheformationofeffectorlikecd8tcellsduringchronicinfectionandcancer
AT jennifertingram gfi1controlstheformationofeffectorlikecd8tcellsduringchronicinfectionandcancer
AT jamesabonner gfi1controlstheformationofeffectorlikecd8tcellsduringchronicinfectionandcancer
AT robertswelner gfi1controlstheformationofeffectorlikecd8tcellsduringchronicinfectionandcancer
AT georgeslacaud gfi1controlstheformationofeffectorlikecd8tcellsduringchronicinfectionandcancer
AT allanjzajac gfi1controlstheformationofeffectorlikecd8tcellsduringchronicinfectionandcancer
AT lewiszshi gfi1controlstheformationofeffectorlikecd8tcellsduringchronicinfectionandcancer