Ultra-Wideband 4-Bit Distributed Phase Shifters Using Lattice Network at <italic>K/Ka</italic>- and <italic>E/W</italic>-Band
In this article, we introduce an ultra-wideband 4-bit distributed phase shifter using a lattice network. To achieve wider bandwidth, the proposed phase shifter employed an all-pass lattice network instead of the traditional low-pass ladder network. Seven cascaded 22.5° lattice phase shift...
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IEEE
2024-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Open Journal of the Solid-State Circuits Society |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10663470/ |
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| author | Sungwon Kwon Minjae Jung Byung-Wook Min |
| author_facet | Sungwon Kwon Minjae Jung Byung-Wook Min |
| author_sort | Sungwon Kwon |
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| description | In this article, we introduce an ultra-wideband 4-bit distributed phase shifter using a lattice network. To achieve wider bandwidth, the proposed phase shifter employed an all-pass lattice network instead of the traditional low-pass ladder network. Seven cascaded 22.5° lattice phase shifters and one switched line 180° phase shifter were used to achieve 360° phase shift range. Based on our theoretical analysis, we designed the lattice network as a constant-phase shifter rather than a delay line. Implementations in the K/Ka- and E/W-bands validate the suitability of the lattice network for constant-phase shifting. Fabricated using 28-nm bulk CMOS technology, the K/Ka-band phase shifter had a size of 0.45 mm2 excluding pads. Within the frequency range of 20.5–35.5 GHz, the root-mean-square (RMS) phase error ranged from 1.6 to 5°, the RMS gain error ranged from 0.3 to 0.6 dB, and the return loss remained above 10 dB. At 28 GHz, the insertion loss was <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$11.6\pm 0$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.8 dB without dc power consumption. Fabricated using 28-nm FD-SOI technology, the E/W-band phase shifter had a size of 0.3 mm2 excluding pads. Within the frequency range of 63.5–100.5 GHz, the RMS phase error ranged from 2.4 to 4.6°, the RMS gain error ranged from 0.44 to 1 dB, and the return loss remained above 10 dB. At 82 GHz, the insertion loss was <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$11.9\pm 1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.1 dB without dc power consumption. The proposed phase shifter demonstrated exceptional performance for multistandard operation, achieving low RMS phase and gain errors across a wide fractional bandwidth of 53.6% and 45.1%, respectively. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3ebd6eab46db4617ad3df2d724e32e8e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2644-1349 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Open Journal of the Solid-State Circuits Society |
| spelling | doaj-art-3ebd6eab46db4617ad3df2d724e32e8e2025-01-25T00:03:23ZengIEEEIEEE Open Journal of the Solid-State Circuits Society2644-13492024-01-01412213010.1109/OJSSCS.2024.345377710663470Ultra-Wideband 4-Bit Distributed Phase Shifters Using Lattice Network at <italic>K/Ka</italic>- and <italic>E/W</italic>-BandSungwon Kwon0https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1339-6494Minjae Jung1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1280-2417Byung-Wook Min2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-8713Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USADepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South KoreaIn this article, we introduce an ultra-wideband 4-bit distributed phase shifter using a lattice network. To achieve wider bandwidth, the proposed phase shifter employed an all-pass lattice network instead of the traditional low-pass ladder network. Seven cascaded 22.5° lattice phase shifters and one switched line 180° phase shifter were used to achieve 360° phase shift range. Based on our theoretical analysis, we designed the lattice network as a constant-phase shifter rather than a delay line. Implementations in the K/Ka- and E/W-bands validate the suitability of the lattice network for constant-phase shifting. Fabricated using 28-nm bulk CMOS technology, the K/Ka-band phase shifter had a size of 0.45 mm2 excluding pads. Within the frequency range of 20.5–35.5 GHz, the root-mean-square (RMS) phase error ranged from 1.6 to 5°, the RMS gain error ranged from 0.3 to 0.6 dB, and the return loss remained above 10 dB. At 28 GHz, the insertion loss was <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$11.6\pm 0$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.8 dB without dc power consumption. Fabricated using 28-nm FD-SOI technology, the E/W-band phase shifter had a size of 0.3 mm2 excluding pads. Within the frequency range of 63.5–100.5 GHz, the RMS phase error ranged from 2.4 to 4.6°, the RMS gain error ranged from 0.44 to 1 dB, and the return loss remained above 10 dB. At 82 GHz, the insertion loss was <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$11.9\pm 1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.1 dB without dc power consumption. The proposed phase shifter demonstrated exceptional performance for multistandard operation, achieving low RMS phase and gain errors across a wide fractional bandwidth of 53.6% and 45.1%, respectively.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10663470/CMOS integrated circuitslattice networkmillimeter-wave integrated circuitspassive circuitsphase shifterswideband |
| spellingShingle | Sungwon Kwon Minjae Jung Byung-Wook Min Ultra-Wideband 4-Bit Distributed Phase Shifters Using Lattice Network at <italic>K/Ka</italic>- and <italic>E/W</italic>-Band IEEE Open Journal of the Solid-State Circuits Society CMOS integrated circuits lattice network millimeter-wave integrated circuits passive circuits phase shifters wideband |
| title | Ultra-Wideband 4-Bit Distributed Phase Shifters Using Lattice Network at <italic>K/Ka</italic>- and <italic>E/W</italic>-Band |
| title_full | Ultra-Wideband 4-Bit Distributed Phase Shifters Using Lattice Network at <italic>K/Ka</italic>- and <italic>E/W</italic>-Band |
| title_fullStr | Ultra-Wideband 4-Bit Distributed Phase Shifters Using Lattice Network at <italic>K/Ka</italic>- and <italic>E/W</italic>-Band |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ultra-Wideband 4-Bit Distributed Phase Shifters Using Lattice Network at <italic>K/Ka</italic>- and <italic>E/W</italic>-Band |
| title_short | Ultra-Wideband 4-Bit Distributed Phase Shifters Using Lattice Network at <italic>K/Ka</italic>- and <italic>E/W</italic>-Band |
| title_sort | ultra wideband 4 bit distributed phase shifters using lattice network at italic k ka italic and italic e w italic band |
| topic | CMOS integrated circuits lattice network millimeter-wave integrated circuits passive circuits phase shifters wideband |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10663470/ |
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