Epigenetic Mechanisms in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review
The incidence of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has increased significantly in the last several decades, which is an important challenge for health professionals and researchers. The systems that mediate the interaction between environmental factors and the genes, such as epigenetics, may have a sp...
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JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/20508/72817_CE[Ra1]_F(SHU)_QC(SD_IS)_PF1(JY_SS)_redo_PFA(IS)_PB(IS)_PN(IS).pdf |
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| author | Deenadhayalan Ashok Monisha Prasad Mohammad Fareed Anis Ahmad Chaudhary |
| author_facet | Deenadhayalan Ashok Monisha Prasad Mohammad Fareed Anis Ahmad Chaudhary |
| author_sort | Deenadhayalan Ashok |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The incidence of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has increased significantly in the last several decades, which is an important challenge for health professionals and researchers. The systems that mediate the interaction between environmental factors and the genes, such as epigenetics, may have a specific bearing on the aetiology of T2DM. With an emphasise on the part that epigenetics plays in the pathophysiology of T2DM, the present study attempts to give a thorough overview of the mechanisms behind disease initiation, possible biomarkers, and the consequences for T2DM. The findings suggest that β-cell malfunction, insulin resistance, and other metabolic abnormalities connected to T2DM are related to epigenetic alterations, which include histone modifications, Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) methylation, and non coding Ribonucleic Acids (RNAs). Environmental factors that impact the development and course of the disease, including nutrition, exercise and pollution exposure, also have an impact on these epigenetic modifications. Knowing the complex interactions among genetics, epigenetics and environment is essential to pinpointing the precise aetiology of T2DM and creating customised treatment regimens. Epigenetic biomarkers could be helpful for risk assessment, early diagnosis, and tailored therapy for people with T2DM who are at risk or who have already been diagnosed. Future research must concentrate on unravelling the mechanistic understanding of the epigenetic pathways of T2DM in order to enhance therapeutic treatment and delve deeper into the pathophysiology of the condition. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3e2c9b979f6b43d39a5b6e0fc8b28139 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2249-782X 0973-709X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited |
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| series | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-3e2c9b979f6b43d39a5b6e0fc8b281392025-01-21T11:51:51ZengJCDR Research and Publications Private LimitedJournal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research2249-782X0973-709X2025-01-0119010711 10.7860/JCDR/2025/72817.20508Epigenetic Mechanisms in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative ReviewDeenadhayalan Ashok0Monisha Prasad1Mohammad Fareed2Anis Ahmad Chaudhary3Tutor, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India.Assistant Professor, Department of Metronome Lab, Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India.Professor, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India.Associate Professor, Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.The incidence of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has increased significantly in the last several decades, which is an important challenge for health professionals and researchers. The systems that mediate the interaction between environmental factors and the genes, such as epigenetics, may have a specific bearing on the aetiology of T2DM. With an emphasise on the part that epigenetics plays in the pathophysiology of T2DM, the present study attempts to give a thorough overview of the mechanisms behind disease initiation, possible biomarkers, and the consequences for T2DM. The findings suggest that β-cell malfunction, insulin resistance, and other metabolic abnormalities connected to T2DM are related to epigenetic alterations, which include histone modifications, Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) methylation, and non coding Ribonucleic Acids (RNAs). Environmental factors that impact the development and course of the disease, including nutrition, exercise and pollution exposure, also have an impact on these epigenetic modifications. Knowing the complex interactions among genetics, epigenetics and environment is essential to pinpointing the precise aetiology of T2DM and creating customised treatment regimens. Epigenetic biomarkers could be helpful for risk assessment, early diagnosis, and tailored therapy for people with T2DM who are at risk or who have already been diagnosed. Future research must concentrate on unravelling the mechanistic understanding of the epigenetic pathways of T2DM in order to enhance therapeutic treatment and delve deeper into the pathophysiology of the condition.https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/20508/72817_CE[Ra1]_F(SHU)_QC(SD_IS)_PF1(JY_SS)_redo_PFA(IS)_PB(IS)_PN(IS).pdfβ-cell dysfunctionenvironmental influencesepigenomic biomarkersinsulin resistancemetabolic regulation |
| spellingShingle | Deenadhayalan Ashok Monisha Prasad Mohammad Fareed Anis Ahmad Chaudhary Epigenetic Mechanisms in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research β-cell dysfunction environmental influences epigenomic biomarkers insulin resistance metabolic regulation |
| title | Epigenetic Mechanisms in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review |
| title_full | Epigenetic Mechanisms in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review |
| title_fullStr | Epigenetic Mechanisms in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epigenetic Mechanisms in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review |
| title_short | Epigenetic Mechanisms in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review |
| title_sort | epigenetic mechanisms in type 2 diabetes mellitus a narrative review |
| topic | β-cell dysfunction environmental influences epigenomic biomarkers insulin resistance metabolic regulation |
| url | https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/20508/72817_CE[Ra1]_F(SHU)_QC(SD_IS)_PF1(JY_SS)_redo_PFA(IS)_PB(IS)_PN(IS).pdf |
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