Evaluation of In Vitro Production Capabilities of Indole Derivatives by Lactic Acid Bacteria
Lactic acid Bacteria (LAB) convert tryptophan to indole derivatives and induce protective IL-22 production in vivo. However, differences in metabolizing capabilities among LAB species have not been widely investigated. In the present study, we compared the capabilities of 186 LAB strains to produce...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Bingyang Ma Yan Zhao Liping Liu Jianguo Xu Qingping Hu Saisai Feng Liangliang Zhang |
| author_facet | Bingyang Ma Yan Zhao Liping Liu Jianguo Xu Qingping Hu Saisai Feng Liangliang Zhang |
| author_sort | Bingyang Ma |
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| description | Lactic acid Bacteria (LAB) convert tryptophan to indole derivatives and induce protective IL-22 production in vivo. However, differences in metabolizing capabilities among LAB species have not been widely investigated. In the present study, we compared the capabilities of 186 LAB strains to produce four kinds of indole derivatives, including indole-3-carboxaldehyde (IAId), indole-3-lactic acid (ILA), indole-3-propanoic acid (IPA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). These strains were isolated from fermented foods, dairy products, and the feces of healthy individuals, as well as from fish and shrimp from Shanxi and Jiangsu provinces. They represent 15 genera, including <i>Bifidobacterium</i>, <i>Enterococcus</i>, <i>Lacticaseibacillus</i>, <i>Lactiplantibacillus</i>, <i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Lactococcus</i>, <i>Limosilactobacillus</i>, <i>Pediococcus</i>, <i>Streptococcus</i>, <i>Weissella</i>, <i>Latilactobacillus</i>, <i>Levilactobacillus</i>, <i>Ligilactobacillus</i>, and <i>Loigolactobacillus</i>. The results indicate widespread IAId-producing capabilities in LAB strains, with positive rates of approximately 90% (106/117) and 100% (69/69) among strains from Shanxi and Jiangsu provinces, respectively. The concentrations of IAId ranged from 72.42 ng/mL to 423.14 ng/mL in all positive strains from Shanxi Province and from 169.39 ng/mL to 503.51 ng/mL in strains from Jiangsu Province. Intriguingly, we also observed specific ILA-producing capabilities in <i>Lactiplantibacillus</i> strains, with positive rates of 55.17% (16/29) and 80.95% (17/21) among strains isolated from Shanxi and Jiangsu provinces, respectively. The overall detection rates of ILA among all tested strains (including both <i>Lactiplantibacillus</i> and other genus strains) were 17.9% (21/117) and 26.1% (18/69). The concentrations of ILA in positive strains ranged from 12.22 ng/mL to 101.86 ng/mL and from 5.75 ng/mL to 62.96 ng/mL from Shanxi and Jiangsu provinces, respectively. IPA and IAA were not detected in any strains. Finally, these indole derivative-producing capabilities were not related to their geographical origins or isolation sources. The current study provides insights into the species- or genus-dependent capabilities for metabolizing indole derivatives. Defining the specific roles of LAB in indole derivative metabolism will uncover the exact physiological mechanisms and be helpful for functional strain screening. |
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| spelling | doaj-art-3d71b1dd8eeb4a8da7e553573898b4222025-01-24T13:42:50ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-01-0113115010.3390/microorganisms13010150Evaluation of In Vitro Production Capabilities of Indole Derivatives by Lactic Acid BacteriaBingyang Ma0Yan Zhao1Liping Liu2Jianguo Xu3Qingping Hu4Saisai Feng5Liangliang Zhang6Institute of Food Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, ChinaInstitute of Food Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, ChinaInstitute of Food Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, ChinaCollege of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, ChinaInstitute of Food Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, ChinaInstitute of Food Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, ChinaLactic acid Bacteria (LAB) convert tryptophan to indole derivatives and induce protective IL-22 production in vivo. However, differences in metabolizing capabilities among LAB species have not been widely investigated. In the present study, we compared the capabilities of 186 LAB strains to produce four kinds of indole derivatives, including indole-3-carboxaldehyde (IAId), indole-3-lactic acid (ILA), indole-3-propanoic acid (IPA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). These strains were isolated from fermented foods, dairy products, and the feces of healthy individuals, as well as from fish and shrimp from Shanxi and Jiangsu provinces. They represent 15 genera, including <i>Bifidobacterium</i>, <i>Enterococcus</i>, <i>Lacticaseibacillus</i>, <i>Lactiplantibacillus</i>, <i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Lactococcus</i>, <i>Limosilactobacillus</i>, <i>Pediococcus</i>, <i>Streptococcus</i>, <i>Weissella</i>, <i>Latilactobacillus</i>, <i>Levilactobacillus</i>, <i>Ligilactobacillus</i>, and <i>Loigolactobacillus</i>. The results indicate widespread IAId-producing capabilities in LAB strains, with positive rates of approximately 90% (106/117) and 100% (69/69) among strains from Shanxi and Jiangsu provinces, respectively. The concentrations of IAId ranged from 72.42 ng/mL to 423.14 ng/mL in all positive strains from Shanxi Province and from 169.39 ng/mL to 503.51 ng/mL in strains from Jiangsu Province. Intriguingly, we also observed specific ILA-producing capabilities in <i>Lactiplantibacillus</i> strains, with positive rates of 55.17% (16/29) and 80.95% (17/21) among strains isolated from Shanxi and Jiangsu provinces, respectively. The overall detection rates of ILA among all tested strains (including both <i>Lactiplantibacillus</i> and other genus strains) were 17.9% (21/117) and 26.1% (18/69). The concentrations of ILA in positive strains ranged from 12.22 ng/mL to 101.86 ng/mL and from 5.75 ng/mL to 62.96 ng/mL from Shanxi and Jiangsu provinces, respectively. IPA and IAA were not detected in any strains. Finally, these indole derivative-producing capabilities were not related to their geographical origins or isolation sources. The current study provides insights into the species- or genus-dependent capabilities for metabolizing indole derivatives. Defining the specific roles of LAB in indole derivative metabolism will uncover the exact physiological mechanisms and be helpful for functional strain screening.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/1/150lactic acid bacteriaindole-3-carboxaldehydeindole-3-lactic acid<i>Lactiplantibacillus</i>species- or genus-dependent capabilities for metabolizing indole derivatives |
| spellingShingle | Bingyang Ma Yan Zhao Liping Liu Jianguo Xu Qingping Hu Saisai Feng Liangliang Zhang Evaluation of In Vitro Production Capabilities of Indole Derivatives by Lactic Acid Bacteria Microorganisms lactic acid bacteria indole-3-carboxaldehyde indole-3-lactic acid <i>Lactiplantibacillus</i> species- or genus-dependent capabilities for metabolizing indole derivatives |
| title | Evaluation of In Vitro Production Capabilities of Indole Derivatives by Lactic Acid Bacteria |
| title_full | Evaluation of In Vitro Production Capabilities of Indole Derivatives by Lactic Acid Bacteria |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of In Vitro Production Capabilities of Indole Derivatives by Lactic Acid Bacteria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of In Vitro Production Capabilities of Indole Derivatives by Lactic Acid Bacteria |
| title_short | Evaluation of In Vitro Production Capabilities of Indole Derivatives by Lactic Acid Bacteria |
| title_sort | evaluation of in vitro production capabilities of indole derivatives by lactic acid bacteria |
| topic | lactic acid bacteria indole-3-carboxaldehyde indole-3-lactic acid <i>Lactiplantibacillus</i> species- or genus-dependent capabilities for metabolizing indole derivatives |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/1/150 |
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