Tuberculosis vaccines and therapeutic drug: challenges and future directions
Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) remains a prominent global health challenge, with the World Health Organization documenting over 1 million annual fatalities. Despite the deployment of the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine and available therapeutic agents, the escalation of drug-resistant Mycobacteriu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Molecular Biomedicine |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43556-024-00243-6 |
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| author | Yajing An Ruizi Ni Li Zhuang Ling Yang Zhaoyang Ye Linsheng Li Seppo Parkkila Ashok Aspatwar Wenping Gong |
| author_facet | Yajing An Ruizi Ni Li Zhuang Ling Yang Zhaoyang Ye Linsheng Li Seppo Parkkila Ashok Aspatwar Wenping Gong |
| author_sort | Yajing An |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) remains a prominent global health challenge, with the World Health Organization documenting over 1 million annual fatalities. Despite the deployment of the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine and available therapeutic agents, the escalation of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains underscores the pressing need for more efficacious vaccines and treatments. This review meticulously maps out the contemporary landscape of TB vaccine development, with a focus on antigen identification, clinical trial progress, and the obstacles and future trajectories in vaccine research. We spotlight innovative approaches, such as multi-antigen vaccines and mRNA technology platforms. Furthermore, the review delves into current TB therapeutics, particularly for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), exploring promising agents like bedaquiline (BDQ) and delamanid (DLM), as well as the potential of host-directed therapies. The hurdles in TB vaccine and therapeutic development encompass overcoming antigen diversity, enhancing vaccine effectiveness across diverse populations, and advancing novel vaccine platforms. Future initiatives emphasize combinatorial strategies, the development of anti-TB compounds targeting novel pathways, and personalized medicine for TB treatment and prevention. Despite notable advances, persistent challenges such as diagnostic failures and protracted treatment regimens continue to impede progress. This work aims to steer future research endeavors toward groundbreaking TB vaccines and therapeutic agents, providing crucial insights for enhancing TB prevention and treatment strategies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3d5a8bc47bf542c28baf18db63e23e0b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2662-8651 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecular Biomedicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-3d5a8bc47bf542c28baf18db63e23e0b2025-01-26T12:10:22ZengSpringerMolecular Biomedicine2662-86512025-01-016115110.1186/s43556-024-00243-6Tuberculosis vaccines and therapeutic drug: challenges and future directionsYajing An0Ruizi Ni1Li Zhuang2Ling Yang3Zhaoyang Ye4Linsheng Li5Seppo Parkkila6Ashok Aspatwar7Wenping Gong8Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalGraduate School, Hebei North UniversityGraduate School, Hebei North UniversityGraduate School, Hebei North UniversityGraduate School, Hebei North UniversityGraduate School, Hebei North UniversityFaculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere UniversityFaculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere UniversityBeijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalAbstract Tuberculosis (TB) remains a prominent global health challenge, with the World Health Organization documenting over 1 million annual fatalities. Despite the deployment of the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine and available therapeutic agents, the escalation of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains underscores the pressing need for more efficacious vaccines and treatments. This review meticulously maps out the contemporary landscape of TB vaccine development, with a focus on antigen identification, clinical trial progress, and the obstacles and future trajectories in vaccine research. We spotlight innovative approaches, such as multi-antigen vaccines and mRNA technology platforms. Furthermore, the review delves into current TB therapeutics, particularly for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), exploring promising agents like bedaquiline (BDQ) and delamanid (DLM), as well as the potential of host-directed therapies. The hurdles in TB vaccine and therapeutic development encompass overcoming antigen diversity, enhancing vaccine effectiveness across diverse populations, and advancing novel vaccine platforms. Future initiatives emphasize combinatorial strategies, the development of anti-TB compounds targeting novel pathways, and personalized medicine for TB treatment and prevention. Despite notable advances, persistent challenges such as diagnostic failures and protracted treatment regimens continue to impede progress. This work aims to steer future research endeavors toward groundbreaking TB vaccines and therapeutic agents, providing crucial insights for enhancing TB prevention and treatment strategies.https://doi.org/10.1186/s43556-024-00243-6Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)Tuberculosis (TB)AntigensTherapeutic drugHost-directed therapiesMultidrug-resistance (MDR) |
| spellingShingle | Yajing An Ruizi Ni Li Zhuang Ling Yang Zhaoyang Ye Linsheng Li Seppo Parkkila Ashok Aspatwar Wenping Gong Tuberculosis vaccines and therapeutic drug: challenges and future directions Molecular Biomedicine Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) Tuberculosis (TB) Antigens Therapeutic drug Host-directed therapies Multidrug-resistance (MDR) |
| title | Tuberculosis vaccines and therapeutic drug: challenges and future directions |
| title_full | Tuberculosis vaccines and therapeutic drug: challenges and future directions |
| title_fullStr | Tuberculosis vaccines and therapeutic drug: challenges and future directions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tuberculosis vaccines and therapeutic drug: challenges and future directions |
| title_short | Tuberculosis vaccines and therapeutic drug: challenges and future directions |
| title_sort | tuberculosis vaccines and therapeutic drug challenges and future directions |
| topic | Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) Tuberculosis (TB) Antigens Therapeutic drug Host-directed therapies Multidrug-resistance (MDR) |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43556-024-00243-6 |
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