Functional Responses of the Warehouse Pirate Bug <i>Xylocoris flavipes</i> (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) on a Diet of <i>Liposcelis decolor</i> (Pearman) (Psocodea: Liposcelididae)
Psocids are difficult to manage using grain protectants and phosphine hence research on non-chemical control methods. This study evaluated the effectiveness of <i>Xylocoris flavipes</i> (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) at managing <i>Liposcelis decolor</i> (Pearman) (Psocod...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Insects |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/1/101 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832588265462431744 |
|---|---|
| author | Augustine Bosomtwe George Opit Kristopher Giles Brad Kard Carla Goad |
| author_facet | Augustine Bosomtwe George Opit Kristopher Giles Brad Kard Carla Goad |
| author_sort | Augustine Bosomtwe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Psocids are difficult to manage using grain protectants and phosphine hence research on non-chemical control methods. This study evaluated the effectiveness of <i>Xylocoris flavipes</i> (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) at managing <i>Liposcelis decolor</i> (Pearman) (Psocodea: Liposcelididae). The functional responses of adult♀ and nymphs of <i>X. flavipes</i> on a diet of nymphs, adult♂, and adult♀ of <i>L. decolor</i> were determined under laboratory conditions at 28 ± 1 °C, 63 ± 5% RH, and a 0:24 (L:D) photoperiod. Maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) of a logistic regression analysis showed that the functional responses of the life stages of <i>X. flavipes</i> on diets of three stages of <i>L. decolor</i> were Holling Type II. Estimates of the attack rate (<i>a</i>), handling time (<i>Th</i>), maximum predation (<i>K</i>) per day, and predation efficiency (<i>η</i>) per day for the two predator life stages against each prey life stage showed that the adult♀ <i>X. flavipes</i> predation rate was better compared with the nymphs. The adult♀ <i>X. flavipes</i> per capita consumption rate and searching efficiency were also higher than those of the nymphs. The data showed adults of <i>L. decolor</i> are more favorable for adult♀ <i>X. flavipes</i> whereas their nymphs prefer nymphs of <i>L. decolor</i>. Field evaluation of <i>X. flavipes</i> is required for their incorporation into psocid pest management. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3d3d1cd6ce284a7287d1c877c79901d2 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj-art-3d3d1cd6ce284a7287d1c877c79901d22025-01-24T13:35:54ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502025-01-0116110110.3390/insects16010101Functional Responses of the Warehouse Pirate Bug <i>Xylocoris flavipes</i> (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) on a Diet of <i>Liposcelis decolor</i> (Pearman) (Psocodea: Liposcelididae)Augustine Bosomtwe0George Opit1Kristopher Giles2Brad Kard3Carla Goad4Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078, USADepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078, USADepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078, USADepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078, USADepartment of Statistics, Oklahoma State University, 301 Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Sciences, Stillwater, OK 74078, USAPsocids are difficult to manage using grain protectants and phosphine hence research on non-chemical control methods. This study evaluated the effectiveness of <i>Xylocoris flavipes</i> (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) at managing <i>Liposcelis decolor</i> (Pearman) (Psocodea: Liposcelididae). The functional responses of adult♀ and nymphs of <i>X. flavipes</i> on a diet of nymphs, adult♂, and adult♀ of <i>L. decolor</i> were determined under laboratory conditions at 28 ± 1 °C, 63 ± 5% RH, and a 0:24 (L:D) photoperiod. Maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) of a logistic regression analysis showed that the functional responses of the life stages of <i>X. flavipes</i> on diets of three stages of <i>L. decolor</i> were Holling Type II. Estimates of the attack rate (<i>a</i>), handling time (<i>Th</i>), maximum predation (<i>K</i>) per day, and predation efficiency (<i>η</i>) per day for the two predator life stages against each prey life stage showed that the adult♀ <i>X. flavipes</i> predation rate was better compared with the nymphs. The adult♀ <i>X. flavipes</i> per capita consumption rate and searching efficiency were also higher than those of the nymphs. The data showed adults of <i>L. decolor</i> are more favorable for adult♀ <i>X. flavipes</i> whereas their nymphs prefer nymphs of <i>L. decolor</i>. Field evaluation of <i>X. flavipes</i> is required for their incorporation into psocid pest management.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/1/101biological controlpredatorbio-based IPMpsocidstored-product pest |
| spellingShingle | Augustine Bosomtwe George Opit Kristopher Giles Brad Kard Carla Goad Functional Responses of the Warehouse Pirate Bug <i>Xylocoris flavipes</i> (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) on a Diet of <i>Liposcelis decolor</i> (Pearman) (Psocodea: Liposcelididae) Insects biological control predator bio-based IPM psocid stored-product pest |
| title | Functional Responses of the Warehouse Pirate Bug <i>Xylocoris flavipes</i> (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) on a Diet of <i>Liposcelis decolor</i> (Pearman) (Psocodea: Liposcelididae) |
| title_full | Functional Responses of the Warehouse Pirate Bug <i>Xylocoris flavipes</i> (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) on a Diet of <i>Liposcelis decolor</i> (Pearman) (Psocodea: Liposcelididae) |
| title_fullStr | Functional Responses of the Warehouse Pirate Bug <i>Xylocoris flavipes</i> (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) on a Diet of <i>Liposcelis decolor</i> (Pearman) (Psocodea: Liposcelididae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Functional Responses of the Warehouse Pirate Bug <i>Xylocoris flavipes</i> (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) on a Diet of <i>Liposcelis decolor</i> (Pearman) (Psocodea: Liposcelididae) |
| title_short | Functional Responses of the Warehouse Pirate Bug <i>Xylocoris flavipes</i> (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) on a Diet of <i>Liposcelis decolor</i> (Pearman) (Psocodea: Liposcelididae) |
| title_sort | functional responses of the warehouse pirate bug i xylocoris flavipes i reuter hemiptera anthocoridae on a diet of i liposcelis decolor i pearman psocodea liposcelididae |
| topic | biological control predator bio-based IPM psocid stored-product pest |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/1/101 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT augustinebosomtwe functionalresponsesofthewarehousepiratebugixylocorisflavipesireuterhemipteraanthocoridaeonadietofiliposcelisdecoloripearmanpsocodealiposcelididae AT georgeopit functionalresponsesofthewarehousepiratebugixylocorisflavipesireuterhemipteraanthocoridaeonadietofiliposcelisdecoloripearmanpsocodealiposcelididae AT kristophergiles functionalresponsesofthewarehousepiratebugixylocorisflavipesireuterhemipteraanthocoridaeonadietofiliposcelisdecoloripearmanpsocodealiposcelididae AT bradkard functionalresponsesofthewarehousepiratebugixylocorisflavipesireuterhemipteraanthocoridaeonadietofiliposcelisdecoloripearmanpsocodealiposcelididae AT carlagoad functionalresponsesofthewarehousepiratebugixylocorisflavipesireuterhemipteraanthocoridaeonadietofiliposcelisdecoloripearmanpsocodealiposcelididae |