Radio frequency fingerprint identification method based on syntactic recognition

To address the difficulty in feature extraction due to channel characteristics and noise influence, a method based on syntactic pattern recognition was proposed. Using the 802.11 Wi-Fi signal as the object, a hierarchical syntactic model was constructed based on the folding features of the radio fre...

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Main Authors: CHEN Yanjun, HU Aiqun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: POSTS&TELECOM PRESS Co., LTD 2025-04-01
Series:网络与信息安全学报
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.cjnis.com.cn/thesisDetails#10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2025024
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author CHEN Yanjun
HU Aiqun
author_facet CHEN Yanjun
HU Aiqun
author_sort CHEN Yanjun
collection DOAJ
description To address the difficulty in feature extraction due to channel characteristics and noise influence, a method based on syntactic pattern recognition was proposed. Using the 802.11 Wi-Fi signal as the object, a hierarchical syntactic model was constructed based on the folding features of the radio frequency fingerprint (RFF) amplitude spectrum to achieve feature compression. The local form of the amplitude spectrum was summarized into four elements: peak, valley, upper flat shoulder, and lower flat shoulder. Three layers of syntactic mapping rules were established. The first layer extracted single line segment features (straight, rise, fall), the second layer combined adjacent segments to generate double line segment features (e.g., peak and valley), and the third layer integrated characteristic position and level value. Additionally, a subgraph fusion algorithm was proposed. Through embedding, pruning, and topology rearrangement, various syntactic models of similar equipment were integrated. Ultimately, the RFF features were compressed by 60% to 66% (from 50 dimensions to 30-33 dimensions). Experiments using 10 ESP32-WROOM 32U modules demonstrate that with a signal-to-noise ratio of 25 dB, the accuracy of the K-nearest neighbor and naive Bayes classifiers is improved by 4.3% and 5.0%, respectively. Both the intra-class error rate and inter-class error rate of open set identification are below 10.72%. This method can reduce data dimensionality while maintaining high discriminability, offering a novel approach for RFF identification.
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spelling doaj-art-3d371dcab00a4352adb38073fcfe54f72025-08-20T03:09:48ZengPOSTS&TELECOM PRESS Co., LTD网络与信息安全学报2096-109X2025-04-011115216099196143Radio frequency fingerprint identification method based on syntactic recognitionCHEN YanjunHU AiqunTo address the difficulty in feature extraction due to channel characteristics and noise influence, a method based on syntactic pattern recognition was proposed. Using the 802.11 Wi-Fi signal as the object, a hierarchical syntactic model was constructed based on the folding features of the radio frequency fingerprint (RFF) amplitude spectrum to achieve feature compression. The local form of the amplitude spectrum was summarized into four elements: peak, valley, upper flat shoulder, and lower flat shoulder. Three layers of syntactic mapping rules were established. The first layer extracted single line segment features (straight, rise, fall), the second layer combined adjacent segments to generate double line segment features (e.g., peak and valley), and the third layer integrated characteristic position and level value. Additionally, a subgraph fusion algorithm was proposed. Through embedding, pruning, and topology rearrangement, various syntactic models of similar equipment were integrated. Ultimately, the RFF features were compressed by 60% to 66% (from 50 dimensions to 30-33 dimensions). Experiments using 10 ESP32-WROOM 32U modules demonstrate that with a signal-to-noise ratio of 25 dB, the accuracy of the K-nearest neighbor and naive Bayes classifiers is improved by 4.3% and 5.0%, respectively. Both the intra-class error rate and inter-class error rate of open set identification are below 10.72%. This method can reduce data dimensionality while maintaining high discriminability, offering a novel approach for RFF identification.http://www.cjnis.com.cn/thesisDetails#10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2025024radio frequency fingerprintWi-Fi signalsyntax recognitionphysical layer safety
spellingShingle CHEN Yanjun
HU Aiqun
Radio frequency fingerprint identification method based on syntactic recognition
网络与信息安全学报
radio frequency fingerprint
Wi-Fi signal
syntax recognition
physical layer safety
title Radio frequency fingerprint identification method based on syntactic recognition
title_full Radio frequency fingerprint identification method based on syntactic recognition
title_fullStr Radio frequency fingerprint identification method based on syntactic recognition
title_full_unstemmed Radio frequency fingerprint identification method based on syntactic recognition
title_short Radio frequency fingerprint identification method based on syntactic recognition
title_sort radio frequency fingerprint identification method based on syntactic recognition
topic radio frequency fingerprint
Wi-Fi signal
syntax recognition
physical layer safety
url http://www.cjnis.com.cn/thesisDetails#10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2025024
work_keys_str_mv AT chenyanjun radiofrequencyfingerprintidentificationmethodbasedonsyntacticrecognition
AT huaiqun radiofrequencyfingerprintidentificationmethodbasedonsyntacticrecognition