Zoonotic Alphaviruses in Costa Rica: Long-Term IgM Serosurveillance in Horses from 2009–2019
This study aimed to determine the annually circulation of Venezuelan (VEEV), Eastern (EEEV), and Western (WEEV) equine encephalitis viruses, identify patterns in case occurrence, and assess the associations with environmental and geographic factors. Serum samples from 548 ill equines exhibiting feve...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Compuscript Ltd
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Zoonoses |
| Online Access: | https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.15212/ZOONOSES-2024-0062 |
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| _version_ | 1849687098548813824 |
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| author | Bernal León Mafalda Viana Sabine E. Hutter Ana I. Ruiz Mario Baldi Annemarie Käsbohrer Clair L. Firth Carlos Jiménez |
| author_facet | Bernal León Mafalda Viana Sabine E. Hutter Ana I. Ruiz Mario Baldi Annemarie Käsbohrer Clair L. Firth Carlos Jiménez |
| author_sort | Bernal León |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed to determine the annually circulation of Venezuelan (VEEV), Eastern (EEEV), and Western (WEEV) equine encephalitis viruses, identify patterns in case occurrence, and assess the associations with environmental and geographic factors. Serum samples from 548 ill equines exhibiting fever, depression, and/or neurologic symptoms were analyzed over 11 years (2009–2019) using IgM MAC ELISA. Logistic models were used to determine the associations between VEEV seropositivity and environmental conditions. VEEV was detected annually in 23.4% (128/548) of the cases, while EEEV appeared intermittently (1.5% [8/548]). No WEEV cases were detected, likely due to avian migratory flyway routes. VEEV exhibited a 6-year peak pattern linked to La Niña in Guanacaste province. Eleven human alphavirus cases were confirmed between 2013 and 2019, including 1 fatal VEEV case in a child. These findings underscore the need for continued equine alphavirus surveillance within the One Health framework. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3d11f3b1d0e64fd9ba54a6b3f5f9db1b |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2737-7466 2737-7474 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Compuscript Ltd |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Zoonoses |
| spelling | doaj-art-3d11f3b1d0e64fd9ba54a6b3f5f9db1b2025-08-20T03:22:26ZengCompuscript LtdZoonoses2737-74662737-74742025-05-015197910.15212/ZOONOSES-2024-0062Zoonotic Alphaviruses in Costa Rica: Long-Term IgM Serosurveillance in Horses from 2009–2019Bernal LeónMafalda VianaSabine E. HutterAna I. RuizMario BaldiAnnemarie KäsbohrerClair L. FirthCarlos JiménezThis study aimed to determine the annually circulation of Venezuelan (VEEV), Eastern (EEEV), and Western (WEEV) equine encephalitis viruses, identify patterns in case occurrence, and assess the associations with environmental and geographic factors. Serum samples from 548 ill equines exhibiting fever, depression, and/or neurologic symptoms were analyzed over 11 years (2009–2019) using IgM MAC ELISA. Logistic models were used to determine the associations between VEEV seropositivity and environmental conditions. VEEV was detected annually in 23.4% (128/548) of the cases, while EEEV appeared intermittently (1.5% [8/548]). No WEEV cases were detected, likely due to avian migratory flyway routes. VEEV exhibited a 6-year peak pattern linked to La Niña in Guanacaste province. Eleven human alphavirus cases were confirmed between 2013 and 2019, including 1 fatal VEEV case in a child. These findings underscore the need for continued equine alphavirus surveillance within the One Health framework.https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.15212/ZOONOSES-2024-0062 |
| spellingShingle | Bernal León Mafalda Viana Sabine E. Hutter Ana I. Ruiz Mario Baldi Annemarie Käsbohrer Clair L. Firth Carlos Jiménez Zoonotic Alphaviruses in Costa Rica: Long-Term IgM Serosurveillance in Horses from 2009–2019 Zoonoses |
| title | Zoonotic Alphaviruses in Costa Rica: Long-Term IgM Serosurveillance in Horses from 2009–2019 |
| title_full | Zoonotic Alphaviruses in Costa Rica: Long-Term IgM Serosurveillance in Horses from 2009–2019 |
| title_fullStr | Zoonotic Alphaviruses in Costa Rica: Long-Term IgM Serosurveillance in Horses from 2009–2019 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Zoonotic Alphaviruses in Costa Rica: Long-Term IgM Serosurveillance in Horses from 2009–2019 |
| title_short | Zoonotic Alphaviruses in Costa Rica: Long-Term IgM Serosurveillance in Horses from 2009–2019 |
| title_sort | zoonotic alphaviruses in costa rica long term igm serosurveillance in horses from 2009 2019 |
| url | https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.15212/ZOONOSES-2024-0062 |
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