Visualizing stepwise evolution of carbon hybridization from sp 3 to sp 2 and to sp
Abstract Regulating carbon hybridization states lies at the heart of engineering carbon materials with tailored properties but orchestrating the sequential transition across three states has remained elusive. Here, we visiualize stepwise evolution in carbon hybridizations from sp³ to sp² and to sp s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Nature Communications |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-55719-4 |
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| author | Wei Xiong Guang Zhang De-Liang Bao Jianchen Lu Lei Gao Yusen Li Hui Zhang Zilin Ruan Zhenliang Hao Hong-Jun Gao Long Chen Jinming Cai |
| author_facet | Wei Xiong Guang Zhang De-Liang Bao Jianchen Lu Lei Gao Yusen Li Hui Zhang Zilin Ruan Zhenliang Hao Hong-Jun Gao Long Chen Jinming Cai |
| author_sort | Wei Xiong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Regulating carbon hybridization states lies at the heart of engineering carbon materials with tailored properties but orchestrating the sequential transition across three states has remained elusive. Here, we visiualize stepwise evolution in carbon hybridizations from sp³ to sp² and to sp states via dehydrogenation and elimination reactions of methylcyano-functionalized molecules on surfaces. Utilizing scanning probing microscopy, we distinguish three distinct carbon-carbon bond types within polymers induced by annealing at elevated temperatures. Density-functional-theory calculations unveil the pivotal role of the electron-withdrawing cyano group in activating neighboring methylene to form C(sp 3 )–C(sp 3 ) bonds, and in facilitating subsequent stepwise HCN eliminations to realize the transformation across three carbon-carbon bond types. We also demonstrate the applicability of this strategy on one-dimensional molecular wires and two-dimensional covalent organic framework on different substrates. Our work expands the scope of carbon hybridization evolution and serves as an advance in flexibly engineering carbon-material by employing cyanomethyl-substituted molecules. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3ce3b4ce916e4dd9a47ac6e64b4b25fa |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2041-1723 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nature Communications |
| spelling | doaj-art-3ce3b4ce916e4dd9a47ac6e64b4b25fa2025-01-19T12:29:43ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-01-011611810.1038/s41467-024-55719-4Visualizing stepwise evolution of carbon hybridization from sp 3 to sp 2 and to spWei Xiong0Guang Zhang1De-Liang Bao2Jianchen Lu3Lei Gao4Yusen Li5Hui Zhang6Zilin Ruan7Zhenliang Hao8Hong-Jun Gao9Long Chen10Jinming Cai11Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Chemistry and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin UniversityDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt UniversityFaculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyFaculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Chemistry and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin UniversityFaculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyFaculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyFaculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyInstitute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of SciencesDepartment of Chemistry and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin UniversityFaculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyAbstract Regulating carbon hybridization states lies at the heart of engineering carbon materials with tailored properties but orchestrating the sequential transition across three states has remained elusive. Here, we visiualize stepwise evolution in carbon hybridizations from sp³ to sp² and to sp states via dehydrogenation and elimination reactions of methylcyano-functionalized molecules on surfaces. Utilizing scanning probing microscopy, we distinguish three distinct carbon-carbon bond types within polymers induced by annealing at elevated temperatures. Density-functional-theory calculations unveil the pivotal role of the electron-withdrawing cyano group in activating neighboring methylene to form C(sp 3 )–C(sp 3 ) bonds, and in facilitating subsequent stepwise HCN eliminations to realize the transformation across three carbon-carbon bond types. We also demonstrate the applicability of this strategy on one-dimensional molecular wires and two-dimensional covalent organic framework on different substrates. Our work expands the scope of carbon hybridization evolution and serves as an advance in flexibly engineering carbon-material by employing cyanomethyl-substituted molecules.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-55719-4 |
| spellingShingle | Wei Xiong Guang Zhang De-Liang Bao Jianchen Lu Lei Gao Yusen Li Hui Zhang Zilin Ruan Zhenliang Hao Hong-Jun Gao Long Chen Jinming Cai Visualizing stepwise evolution of carbon hybridization from sp 3 to sp 2 and to sp Nature Communications |
| title | Visualizing stepwise evolution of carbon hybridization from sp 3 to sp 2 and to sp |
| title_full | Visualizing stepwise evolution of carbon hybridization from sp 3 to sp 2 and to sp |
| title_fullStr | Visualizing stepwise evolution of carbon hybridization from sp 3 to sp 2 and to sp |
| title_full_unstemmed | Visualizing stepwise evolution of carbon hybridization from sp 3 to sp 2 and to sp |
| title_short | Visualizing stepwise evolution of carbon hybridization from sp 3 to sp 2 and to sp |
| title_sort | visualizing stepwise evolution of carbon hybridization from sp 3 to sp 2 and to sp |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-55719-4 |
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