Recent advances in the science of human milk oligosaccharides
Human colostrum and mature milk contain oligosaccharides (Os), designated as human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). Approximately 200 varieties of HMOs have been characterized.Although HMOs are not utilized as an energy source by infants, they have important protective functions, including pathogenic b...
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Elsevier
2025-01-01
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| Series: | BBA Advances |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667160324000243 |
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| author | Tadasu Urashima Katsumi Ajisaka Tetsuro Ujihara Eri Nakazaki |
| author_facet | Tadasu Urashima Katsumi Ajisaka Tetsuro Ujihara Eri Nakazaki |
| author_sort | Tadasu Urashima |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Human colostrum and mature milk contain oligosaccharides (Os), designated as human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). Approximately 200 varieties of HMOs have been characterized.Although HMOs are not utilized as an energy source by infants, they have important protective functions, including pathogenic bacteria and viral infection inhibitors and immune modulators, among other functions, and HMOs stimulate brain-nerve development. The Os concentration is average 11 g/L in human milk but >100 mg/L in mature bovine milk, which is used to manufacture infant formula, suggesting that human-identical milk oligosaccharides (HiMOs) should be incorporated into milk substitutes. Some infant formulas incorporating 2′-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-neotetraose are now commercially available, and intervention trials have been concluded.We review basic HMO information, including their chemical structures and concentrations, attempts to synthesize HMOs at small and plant scale, studies that clarified HMO biological functions, and interventions with milk substitutes incorporating HiMOs in formula-fed infants. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3c4cb625bf2d41c381764d1d4c4b8ad1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2667-1603 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BBA Advances |
| spelling | doaj-art-3c4cb625bf2d41c381764d1d4c4b8ad12025-02-05T04:32:47ZengElsevierBBA Advances2667-16032025-01-017100136Recent advances in the science of human milk oligosaccharidesTadasu Urashima0Katsumi Ajisaka1Tetsuro Ujihara2Eri Nakazaki3Department of Food and Life Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi2sen 11banchi, Inada cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan; Corresponding author.Department of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1 Higashijima, Akiha-Ku, Niigata City, Niigata, 956-8603, JapanKyowa Hakko Bio Co., Ltd. 4-10-2, Nakano-ku, Nakano, Tokyo, 164-0001, JapanKyowa Hakko Bio Co., Ltd. 4-10-2, Nakano-ku, Nakano, Tokyo, 164-0001, JapanHuman colostrum and mature milk contain oligosaccharides (Os), designated as human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). Approximately 200 varieties of HMOs have been characterized.Although HMOs are not utilized as an energy source by infants, they have important protective functions, including pathogenic bacteria and viral infection inhibitors and immune modulators, among other functions, and HMOs stimulate brain-nerve development. The Os concentration is average 11 g/L in human milk but >100 mg/L in mature bovine milk, which is used to manufacture infant formula, suggesting that human-identical milk oligosaccharides (HiMOs) should be incorporated into milk substitutes. Some infant formulas incorporating 2′-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-neotetraose are now commercially available, and intervention trials have been concluded.We review basic HMO information, including their chemical structures and concentrations, attempts to synthesize HMOs at small and plant scale, studies that clarified HMO biological functions, and interventions with milk substitutes incorporating HiMOs in formula-fed infants.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667160324000243Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs)Biological functionsHuman-identical milk oligosaccharides (HiMOs)Laboratory scale preparationIndustrial scale productionInfant formula |
| spellingShingle | Tadasu Urashima Katsumi Ajisaka Tetsuro Ujihara Eri Nakazaki Recent advances in the science of human milk oligosaccharides BBA Advances Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) Biological functions Human-identical milk oligosaccharides (HiMOs) Laboratory scale preparation Industrial scale production Infant formula |
| title | Recent advances in the science of human milk oligosaccharides |
| title_full | Recent advances in the science of human milk oligosaccharides |
| title_fullStr | Recent advances in the science of human milk oligosaccharides |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recent advances in the science of human milk oligosaccharides |
| title_short | Recent advances in the science of human milk oligosaccharides |
| title_sort | recent advances in the science of human milk oligosaccharides |
| topic | Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) Biological functions Human-identical milk oligosaccharides (HiMOs) Laboratory scale preparation Industrial scale production Infant formula |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667160324000243 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tadasuurashima recentadvancesinthescienceofhumanmilkoligosaccharides AT katsumiajisaka recentadvancesinthescienceofhumanmilkoligosaccharides AT tetsuroujihara recentadvancesinthescienceofhumanmilkoligosaccharides AT erinakazaki recentadvancesinthescienceofhumanmilkoligosaccharides |