CD44-targeted virus-mimicking nanomedicine eliminates cancer stem cells and mitigates chemoresistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play critical roles in tumor growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Although several small-molecule inhibitors designed to inhibit CSCs have been investigated in clinical trials, their inadequate tumor targeting and potential off-target side effects have led to poor outcom...

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Main Authors: Yiwen Chen, Zhen Qin, Yujia Wang, Baoxin Gu, Jing Wang, Yunfei Zheng, Yuting Niu, Lingfei Jia
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Materials Today Bio
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590006425002807
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author Yiwen Chen
Zhen Qin
Yujia Wang
Baoxin Gu
Jing Wang
Yunfei Zheng
Yuting Niu
Lingfei Jia
author_facet Yiwen Chen
Zhen Qin
Yujia Wang
Baoxin Gu
Jing Wang
Yunfei Zheng
Yuting Niu
Lingfei Jia
author_sort Yiwen Chen
collection DOAJ
description Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play critical roles in tumor growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Although several small-molecule inhibitors designed to inhibit CSCs have been investigated in clinical trials, their inadequate tumor targeting and potential off-target side effects have led to poor outcomes. A CD44-targeted virus-mimicking nanomedicine encapsulating the BMI1 inhibitor PTC209 (PTC209@VNP-HA) was designed to treat head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We used a dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) as the core for virus-mimicking nanoparticle (VNP) formation after adding shell particles to the MSN surface. The VNP surface was then modified with hyaluronic acid (HA), and PTC209 was adsorbed by mesopores to form PTC209@VNP-HA. In this system, HA is used to target CD44+ CSCs. The rough surface of VNP-HA provided better drug delivery efficiency than smooth nanoparticles modified with HA. VNP-HA enhanced the cancer inhibitory effect of PTC209 12-fold compared to the administration of free PTC209, leading to significantly higher bioavailability of PTC209. Both in vitro and in vivo assays showed that PTC209@VNP-HA inhibited cancer stemness, proliferation, and metastasis in HNSCC. Mechanistically, this inhibitory effect is closely associated with DNA damage/apoptosis signaling. Using a series of preclinical models in murine systems, we confirmed that PTC209@VNP-HA eliminated BMI1+ CSCs, and greatly inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of HNSCC when combined with cisplatin. This study investigated PTC209@VNP-HA as a novel and potentially transformative HNSCC treatment option that eliminates CSCs, prevents metastasis, and overcomes cisplatin resistance.
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spelling doaj-art-3c20f35d13a748c1b5424a3f5d2aaa562025-08-20T03:04:47ZengElsevierMaterials Today Bio2590-00642025-06-013210172110.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101721CD44-targeted virus-mimicking nanomedicine eliminates cancer stem cells and mitigates chemoresistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinomaYiwen Chen0Zhen Qin1Yujia Wang2Baoxin Gu3Jing Wang4Yunfei Zheng5Yuting Niu6Lingfei Jia7Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China; National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, 100081, PR ChinaDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR ChinaDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR ChinaDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR ChinaState Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100091, PR ChinaDepartment of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China; Corresponding author.Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China; Corresponding author.Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China; National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, 100081, PR China; Beijing Advanced Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Aging-Related Diseases, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100091, PR China; Corresponding author. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China.Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play critical roles in tumor growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Although several small-molecule inhibitors designed to inhibit CSCs have been investigated in clinical trials, their inadequate tumor targeting and potential off-target side effects have led to poor outcomes. A CD44-targeted virus-mimicking nanomedicine encapsulating the BMI1 inhibitor PTC209 (PTC209@VNP-HA) was designed to treat head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We used a dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) as the core for virus-mimicking nanoparticle (VNP) formation after adding shell particles to the MSN surface. The VNP surface was then modified with hyaluronic acid (HA), and PTC209 was adsorbed by mesopores to form PTC209@VNP-HA. In this system, HA is used to target CD44+ CSCs. The rough surface of VNP-HA provided better drug delivery efficiency than smooth nanoparticles modified with HA. VNP-HA enhanced the cancer inhibitory effect of PTC209 12-fold compared to the administration of free PTC209, leading to significantly higher bioavailability of PTC209. Both in vitro and in vivo assays showed that PTC209@VNP-HA inhibited cancer stemness, proliferation, and metastasis in HNSCC. Mechanistically, this inhibitory effect is closely associated with DNA damage/apoptosis signaling. Using a series of preclinical models in murine systems, we confirmed that PTC209@VNP-HA eliminated BMI1+ CSCs, and greatly inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of HNSCC when combined with cisplatin. This study investigated PTC209@VNP-HA as a novel and potentially transformative HNSCC treatment option that eliminates CSCs, prevents metastasis, and overcomes cisplatin resistance.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590006425002807Cancer stem cellsCD44 targetingCisplatin resistanceHead and neck squamous cell carcinomaPTC209Virus-mimicking nanoparticles
spellingShingle Yiwen Chen
Zhen Qin
Yujia Wang
Baoxin Gu
Jing Wang
Yunfei Zheng
Yuting Niu
Lingfei Jia
CD44-targeted virus-mimicking nanomedicine eliminates cancer stem cells and mitigates chemoresistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Materials Today Bio
Cancer stem cells
CD44 targeting
Cisplatin resistance
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
PTC209
Virus-mimicking nanoparticles
title CD44-targeted virus-mimicking nanomedicine eliminates cancer stem cells and mitigates chemoresistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
title_full CD44-targeted virus-mimicking nanomedicine eliminates cancer stem cells and mitigates chemoresistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
title_fullStr CD44-targeted virus-mimicking nanomedicine eliminates cancer stem cells and mitigates chemoresistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
title_full_unstemmed CD44-targeted virus-mimicking nanomedicine eliminates cancer stem cells and mitigates chemoresistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
title_short CD44-targeted virus-mimicking nanomedicine eliminates cancer stem cells and mitigates chemoresistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
title_sort cd44 targeted virus mimicking nanomedicine eliminates cancer stem cells and mitigates chemoresistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
topic Cancer stem cells
CD44 targeting
Cisplatin resistance
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
PTC209
Virus-mimicking nanoparticles
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590006425002807
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