Purification of Waste Water Containing Chlorhexidine Digluconate Using Nanoporous Carbons Obtained from Different Raw Materials

Activated carbons were obtained from three types of raw materials from the canning industry: peach, plum, and olive stones. The chemical composition and texture of the precursors and the physicochemical properties of the obtained carbons were analyzed. It was found that under the same conditions of...

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Main Authors: Bilyana Petrova, Ivanka Stoycheva, Boyko Tsyntsarski, Angelina Kosateva, Nartzislav Petrov, Pavlina Dolashka
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Chemistry
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2624-8549/7/3/91
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author Bilyana Petrova
Ivanka Stoycheva
Boyko Tsyntsarski
Angelina Kosateva
Nartzislav Petrov
Pavlina Dolashka
author_facet Bilyana Petrova
Ivanka Stoycheva
Boyko Tsyntsarski
Angelina Kosateva
Nartzislav Petrov
Pavlina Dolashka
author_sort Bilyana Petrova
collection DOAJ
description Activated carbons were obtained from three types of raw materials from the canning industry: peach, plum, and olive stones. The chemical composition and texture of the precursors and the physicochemical properties of the obtained carbons were analyzed. It was found that under the same conditions of preparation, the properties of the raw materials significantly affect the parameters of the activated carbons. The obtained carbons were oxidized with 12% nitric acid to form a larger amount of acidic oxygen-containing groups on their surface. The porous texture, the size, and the chemical nature of the surface of the activated carbons were analyzed. The adsorption capacity of the obtained activated carbons towards chlorhexidine gluconate contained in mouthwash was determined. It was found that the three carbons have a significant adsorption capacity towards chlorhexidine gluconate: 189.1 mg/g for carbon from peach stones, 189.1 mg/g for carbon from plum stones, and 156.7 mg/g for carbon from olive stones, respectively. It has been determined that the adsorption of chlorhexidine gluconate on the surface of the obtained activated carbons obeys the Langmuir model. It has been established that the adsorption capacity of the obtained activated carbons is influenced by their porous texture, size, and chemical nature of the surface.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2624-8549
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series Chemistry
spelling doaj-art-3bfbb67813154a5db90cc4803e40c0c32025-08-20T03:27:29ZengMDPI AGChemistry2624-85492025-05-01739110.3390/chemistry7030091Purification of Waste Water Containing Chlorhexidine Digluconate Using Nanoporous Carbons Obtained from Different Raw MaterialsBilyana Petrova0Ivanka Stoycheva1Boyko Tsyntsarski2Angelina Kosateva3Nartzislav Petrov4Pavlina Dolashka5Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., BL. 9, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaInstitute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., BL. 9, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaInstitute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., BL. 9, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaInstitute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., BL. 9, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaCenter of Competence “Clean Technologies for Sustainable Environment—Water, Waste, Energy for Circular Economy”, 15 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd., 1000 Sofia, BulgariaCenter of Competence “Clean Technologies for Sustainable Environment—Water, Waste, Energy for Circular Economy”, 15 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd., 1000 Sofia, BulgariaActivated carbons were obtained from three types of raw materials from the canning industry: peach, plum, and olive stones. The chemical composition and texture of the precursors and the physicochemical properties of the obtained carbons were analyzed. It was found that under the same conditions of preparation, the properties of the raw materials significantly affect the parameters of the activated carbons. The obtained carbons were oxidized with 12% nitric acid to form a larger amount of acidic oxygen-containing groups on their surface. The porous texture, the size, and the chemical nature of the surface of the activated carbons were analyzed. The adsorption capacity of the obtained activated carbons towards chlorhexidine gluconate contained in mouthwash was determined. It was found that the three carbons have a significant adsorption capacity towards chlorhexidine gluconate: 189.1 mg/g for carbon from peach stones, 189.1 mg/g for carbon from plum stones, and 156.7 mg/g for carbon from olive stones, respectively. It has been determined that the adsorption of chlorhexidine gluconate on the surface of the obtained activated carbons obeys the Langmuir model. It has been established that the adsorption capacity of the obtained activated carbons is influenced by their porous texture, size, and chemical nature of the surface.https://www.mdpi.com/2624-8549/7/3/91activated carbonsbiomasswater purificationchlorhexidine gluconateadsorption
spellingShingle Bilyana Petrova
Ivanka Stoycheva
Boyko Tsyntsarski
Angelina Kosateva
Nartzislav Petrov
Pavlina Dolashka
Purification of Waste Water Containing Chlorhexidine Digluconate Using Nanoporous Carbons Obtained from Different Raw Materials
Chemistry
activated carbons
biomass
water purification
chlorhexidine gluconate
adsorption
title Purification of Waste Water Containing Chlorhexidine Digluconate Using Nanoporous Carbons Obtained from Different Raw Materials
title_full Purification of Waste Water Containing Chlorhexidine Digluconate Using Nanoporous Carbons Obtained from Different Raw Materials
title_fullStr Purification of Waste Water Containing Chlorhexidine Digluconate Using Nanoporous Carbons Obtained from Different Raw Materials
title_full_unstemmed Purification of Waste Water Containing Chlorhexidine Digluconate Using Nanoporous Carbons Obtained from Different Raw Materials
title_short Purification of Waste Water Containing Chlorhexidine Digluconate Using Nanoporous Carbons Obtained from Different Raw Materials
title_sort purification of waste water containing chlorhexidine digluconate using nanoporous carbons obtained from different raw materials
topic activated carbons
biomass
water purification
chlorhexidine gluconate
adsorption
url https://www.mdpi.com/2624-8549/7/3/91
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